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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endocrine system
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consists of ductless glands which secrete hormones
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negative feedback mechanism
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effects of hormone reverse the stimulus which ultimately leads to decreased secretion of the hormone
many hormones regulated this way |
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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increases amount of water reabsorbed by kidney tubules & decreases urine output
stored in posterior pituitary secreted due to dehydration and extreme fluid loss |
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oxytocin
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causes contraction of smooth muscle in uterus & mammary glands
stored in posterior pituitary |
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anterior pituitary gland
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secretes: growth hormone - TSH - adrenocorticotropic hormone - prolactin - follicle-stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone
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posterior pituitary gland
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stores ADH and oxytocin
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growth hormone (GH)
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AKA somatotropin
increases cell division in tissues capable of mitosis increases transport of amino acids into cells & their use in protein synthesis increases release of fat from adipose tissue & use of fats for energy producion secretion is regulated by GHRH and GHIH in hypothalamus |
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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AKA thyrotropin
stimulates growth of thyroid & secretion of two of its hormones (T4 & T3) secretion stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus when metabolic rate decreases |
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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stimulates secretion of cortisol & related hormones from adrenal cortex
stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from hypothalamus which is produced during physiological stress |
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prolactin
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initiates & maintains milk production by mammary glands
stimulated by prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) & prolactin-inhibiting hormone(PIH) not secreted until pregnancy is over & levels of estrogen & progesterone have dropped |
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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gonadotropic hormone (target organs are ovaries/testes)
secreted in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus inhibin (from ovaries/testes) decreases FSH secretion |
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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gonadotropic hormone (target organs are ovaries/testes)
secretion increased by GnRH from hypothalamus women: causes ovulation men: stimulates secretion of testosterone |
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What are the three hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
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T4
T3 calcitonin |
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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produced by four glands located on the thyroid
increases reabsorption of calcium & phosphate from bones to blood resulting in higher blood clacium level & lower blood phosphate level secretion of PTH stimulated by hypocalcemia & inhibited by hypercalcemia |
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adrenal glands
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AKA suprarenal
located on top of each kidney consists of inner adrenal medulla & outer adrenal cortex |
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adrenal medulla
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part of adrenal gland
secrete epinephrine & norephinephrine secretion stimulated by sympathetic impulses from hypothalamus during stress |
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adrenal cortex
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part of adrenal gland
secretes three types of steroid hormones: sex hormones - mineralocorticoids - glucocorticoids |
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aldosterone
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produced in adrenal cortex
most abundant of mineralocorticoids increases reabsorption of sodium ions & excretion of potassium ions by kidney tubules |
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cortisol
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produced in adrenal cortex
most abundant of glucocorticoids stimulates liver to change glucose to glycogen - increases conversion of excess amino acides to carbs - increases use of fats for energy - has anti-inflammatory effect by blocking histamine & stablizing lysosomes in cells stimulus for secretion is ACTH from anterior pituitary gland (brought on by stress) |
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islets of Langerhands
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pancreatic islets
endocrine portions of the pancreas contain alpha cells (produce glucagon) - beta cells (produce insulin) - delta cells (secrete somatostatin) |
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glucagon
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produced by alpha cells within islet of Langerhans within pancreas
stimulates liver to change glycogen to glucose increases use of fats & excess amino acids for energy production result is increase in blood glucose level secretion stimulated by hypoglycemia |
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affect
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emotional tone
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exophthalmos
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eyes that bulge
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stimulationt tests
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substance is injected in pt to attempt to stimulate specific gland
used to diagnose endocrine gland disfunction |
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suppression test
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substance is injected into pt that is expected to suppress a hormone's release
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