Pcc - Bio 232 - Week 2 Lecture

Front 1

What is the formal name for all of the cerebral arteries, collectively?

Back 1

Circle of Willis

Front 2

What artery serves the frontal and parietal lobes?

Back 2

Anterior cerebral artery

Front 3

What artery serves the parietal and temporal lobes?

Back 3

Lateral cerebral artery

Front 4

What artery serves the occipital lobe?

Back 4

Posterior cerebral artery

Front 5

Why are the cerebral arteries interconnected? How does this relate to a stroke?

Back 5

Gives detours/bypasses for blood even with damage - stroke means that enough alternate routes have been plugged that NO route exists

Front 6

What is Broca's Aphasia? Where is Broca's area located?

Back 6

Cannot form words - Area is located on dominant side (97% of population have it on their left)

Front 7

What is Wernike's Aphasia?

Back 7

Cannot understand words

Front 8

What three structures are collectively called the deep telencephalic structures?

Back 8

The basal ganglia (Martini refers to these as nuclei), the limbic system, and mirror neurons

Front 9

What is the function of the basal ganglia? What is an alternate name for this structure?

Back 9

Accomplishes Motor regulation (planned/voluntary motor, sequential motor) - called "smoothing".
aka Extra pyramidal system

Front 10

What two structures comprise the limbic system? What are the functions of the limbic system?

Back 10

The amygdala and the hippocampus make up the limbic system, which associates emotion and memory. "How you make memory"

Front 11

What is the function of the Amygdala?

Back 11

Recall and production of emotion

Front 12

What is the function of the Hippocampus?

Back 12

Recall and production of memory

Front 13

What are mirror neurons? How do they relate to the limbic system?

Back 13

They copy actions that are seen within the brain, producing similar brainwaves and firing sequences. They are responsible for empathy (using limbic system)

Front 14

Why does Professor Christie continue to write and draw on the classroom whiteboard in this digital age?

Back 14

Prof Christie is utilizing mirror neurons to re-enforce learning, as students project themselves writing/drawing info

Front 15

How does the function of mirror neurons relate to autism?

Back 15

There is a suspected connection between broken mirror neurons and autism that produces a lack of empathy and projection; also shown that predictive/context brainwaves are lacking, as well as body language interpretation

Front 16

What does the Autonomic Nervous System govern? What system activates it?

Back 16

Organs, smooth muscle, glands; Viscera. The limbic system activates it.

Front 17

Where are pre- and post-ganglionic fibers located?

Back 17

Pre-ganglionic fiber - goes from spine to synapse
Post-ganglionic fiber - goes from synapse to organ

Front 18

What are three alternate names that might be used to refer to the sympathetic nervous system? Where do connections to the spine arise from in this system?

Back 18

Fight or Flight (Fear), Thoraco/Lumbar System. EMTs may also refer to this as Adrenergic. Nerve connections arise from Middle of spine

Front 19

What are three alternate names that might be used to refer to the parasympathetic nervous system? Where do connections to the spine arise from in this system?

Back 19

Rest and Digest (Calm), Cranial/Sacral system. EMTs may also refer to this as Cholinergic. Nerve connections arise from Top & Bottom of Spine

Front 20

How do the lengths of pre- and post-ganglionic fibers compare within the Sympathetic nervous system?

Back 20

Pre-ganglionic fibers are shorter in Sympathetic, Post are long

Front 21

How do the lengths of pre- and post-ganglionic fibers compare within the Parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 21

Pre-ganglionic fibers are longer in Para, Post are short

Front 22

What neurotransmitter(s) are utilized within the Sympathetic nervous system? What types are receptors are present?

Back 22

Utilizes acetylcholine as neurotransmitter between pre and post
Utilizes norepinephrine/epinephrine as neurotransmitter between post and organ
Nicotinic receptors between pre and post
Alpha/Beta receptors between post and organ

Front 23

What neurotransmitter(s) are utilized within the Parasympathetic nervous system? What types are receptors are present?

Back 23

Utilizes acetylcholine as neurotransmitter between pre and post
Utilizes acetylcholine as neurotransmitter between post and organ
Nicotinic receptors between pre and post
Muscarinic receptors between post and organ

Front 24

What is the general function of Alpha and Beta receptors, respectively? Where are beta1 and beta2 receptors located?

Back 24

Alpha usually relax/inhibit something
Beta usually excite something
Beta1 tend to be all over the place
Beta2 tend to be in the heart

Front 25

Where are white and grey rami located within the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 25

Pre ganglionic White ramus, Post ganglionic Grey ramus

Front 26

With regard to nerve tracts, what useful roadmark is often found within the naming convention to help determine what kind of tract it is?

Back 26

Spino- is up/ascending
-spino is down/descending

Front 27

What is the function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

Back 27

Ascending tract for balance (limb position)

Front 28

What is the function of the anterior spinothalamic tract?

Back 28

Ascending tract for pain

Front 29

What are the functions of the dorsal white columns (fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus)?

Back 29

Sense touch/pressure

Front 30

What is the function of the lateral corticospinal tract?

Back 30

Descending tract for voluntary movement

Front 31

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

Back 31

Descending tract for balance

Front 32

What is the function of the Rubrospinal/Reticulospinal tract?

Back 32

Limb regulation/moderation