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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary functional difference between steroids and non-steroids?
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Steriod - made of fat/lipid soluble, can pass bilipid layer without help, to change expression of DNA to produce results
Non-steroid - not made of fat/not lipid soluble, must bind to a specific receptor on the outside of the cell to produce results |
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What are the three antagonistic hormone pairs to know?
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Insulin/Glucagon (lower blood sugar/raise blood sugar)
Atrial Naturetic Peptide/Aldosterone (lower NA, raise K/raise K, lower NA) Parathyroid hormone/Calcitonin (destroy bone/make bone) |
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What are tropic hormones? What are the four to know?
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Tropic hormones go from one endocrine gland to another, akaBasophils
TSH - Anterior Pituitary>Thyroid ACTH - Anterior Pituitary>AC LH - Anterior Pituitary>Gonads FSH - Anterior Pituitary>Gonads |
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What are releasing hormones? What are the three to know?
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Hormones that go from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary, and cause another hormone to be released
Thyroid Releasing Hormone - Make TSH Corticoid Releasing Hormone (CRH) - Make ACTH Gonad Releasing Hormone (GnRH) - Make LH/FSH |
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What is the difference between a primary and secondary disorder?
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Primary disorder - Organ (worker) is broken
Secondary disorder - Management (supervisor) is broken |
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What is the functional purpose of blood within the body?
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Transportation
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What six substances are carried by the blood? What portion of the blood carries each?
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Gasses - Plasma, RBC
Nutrients - Plasma Wastes - Plasma Hormones - Plasma Water - Plasma Minerals - Plasma |
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What are the four components of blood?
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Plasma
Carrier, Generated from diet White Blood cells (leukocytes) Provide immunities Red Blood cells (erithrocytes) Have hemoglobin, which carries oxygen Platelets Clotting |
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What do Hemocytoblasts make? Where are they located?
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Make blood cells (all), in bone marrow
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What organs sense and respond to low oxygen in the blood? How long does the response take?
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Sensed by liver and kidney
They send signals to make more RBC, called EPO, Erithropoeitin (hormone), goes to bone marrow, makes more cells, carry more oxygen, takes approximately 4-6 weeks to produce results |
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Describe what happens to "old" blood in the body
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Old blood recycled in liver and spleen
Iron removed from RBCs, sent to bones "other stuff" becomes biliverdin, which then converts to bilirubin, which becomes part of bile, goes to intestine and adds to fecal matter, produces brown "base coat" - dead liver means white poop Sunlight also destroys bilirubin |
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What is a hematocrit? What is a "normal" range for this test?
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Hematocrit - measure of RBC percentage in blood - usually 42-45%
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What does it mean to be anemic? What variations of this condition are there?
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Anemic - fewer RBC than is normal
Iron deficiency anemia - out of iron Hemmorhagic anemia - bleeding Vitamin deficient anemia - B(esp B12) and C missing to build RBC Sickle cell anemia - cells die due to wrong shape Hypertensive anemia - high blood pressure, RBC break down and die from overuse |
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What is hemostasis? Describe the chain of events that produces this.
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Hemostasis - blood cloting
Injury Vaso-constriction (Smaller vessels) Platelet plug ("cork it") Platelets release serotonin Serotonin turns on clotting factors Clotting factors turn on pro-thrombin activators Pro-thrombin activators make thrombin Thrombin makes fibrin ("jello") Body makes plasmin ("clot buster"), once healed |
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What are the four basic blood types? Why is it important to know this?
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A Blood - B Antibody
A and O transfusion ok B Blood - A Antibody B and O transfusion ok AB Blood - No Antibody AB, A, B, and O transfusion ok O Blood - A and B Antibody O transfusion ok Wrong blood type means antibodies cause coagulation |
