Core Concepts In Pharmacology Ch 28

Front 1

hormones

Back 1

chemical messengers secreted by various glands within the endocrine system

released in response to change in body's internal environment

Front 2

Addison's disease

Back 2

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids & aldosterone by the adrenal cortex

Front 3

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 3

hormone secreted by the pituitary that stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex

Front 4

atrophy

Back 4

shrinkage/wasting away of tissue

Front 5

basal metabolic rate

Back 5

resting rate of metabolism in the body

Front 6

cretinism

Back 6

dwarfism & mental retardation caused by lack of thyroid hormone during infancy

Front 7

Cushing's syndrome

Back 7

condition caused by excessive corticosteroid secretion by adrenal glands or by overdosage w/corticosteroid meds

Front 8

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Back 8

excessive urination due to lack of secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Front 9

diabetes mellitus, type 1

Back 9

deficiency of insulin secretion by pancreas

usually begins in early teens

Front 10

diabetes mellitus, type 2

Back 10

insufficient secretion of insulin by pancreas or by lack of sensitivity of insulin receptors

usually begins in middle age

Front 11

dwarfism

Back 11

below normal height caused by deficiency in thyroid hormone or growth hormone

Front 12

follicular cells

Back 12

cells in thyroid gland that secrete thyroid hormone

Front 13

glucocorticoid

Back 13

type of hormone secreted by outer portion of adrenal gland that includes cortisol

Front 14

Grave's disease

Back 14

syndrome caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

Front 15

hyperglycemia

Back 15

abnormally high level of glucose in blood

Front 16

hypoglycemia

Back 16

abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

Front 17

hypothalamus

Back 17

region of brain affecting emotions & drives

secretes releasing factors that affect the pituitary gland

Front 18

islets of Langerhans

Back 18

AKA pancreatic islets

clusters of cells in pancreas responsible for secretion of insulin & glucagon

Front 19

ketoacids

Back 19

waste products of lipid metabolism that lower the pH of the blood

Front 20

myxedema

Back 20

condition caused by insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone

Front 21

negative feedback

Back 21

in homeostasis, when first hormone in pathway is shut off by last hormone or product in pathway

Front 22

parafollicular cells

Back 22

cells in the thyroid gland that secrete calcitonin

Front 23

pituitary gland

Back 23

endocrine gland in the brain responsible for controlling many other endocrine glands

Front 24

releasing factors

Back 24

hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that affect secretions in the pituitary gland

Front 25

vasopressin

Back 25

AKA antidiuretic hormone

Front 26

somatotropin

Back 26

AKA growth hormone

Front 27

The treatment goal with insulin therapy is to maintain blood glucose levesl within strict, normal limits.

TRUE or FALSE

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

Natrual hormones released by glands that have normal function are called _____ hormones.

Back 28

endogenous

Front 29

_____ _____ is a therapeutic approach applied in cases where clients are unable to secrete sufficient quantities of their own hormones.

Back 29

Replacement therapy

Front 30

Juvenile-onset diabetes is called 1_____; age-onset diabetes is referred to as 2_____.

Back 30

1) type I

2) type II

Front 31

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in a disorder called _____ _____.

Back 31

Cushing's syndrome.

Front 32

Propylthiouracil (Propacil) is usually administered to clients with a condition called _____.

Back 32

hyperthyroidism

Front 33

A class of drugs prescribed after diet and exercise have failed to bring blood glucose levels to within normal limits in Type II diabetes is _____ _____.

Back 33

oral hypoglycemics

Front 34

To increase basal metabolic rate, a hormone called 1_____ _____ _____ is released from the pituitary gland to cause the release of another hormone called 2_____ _____ _____.

Back 34

1) thyroid releasing hormone

2) thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 35

Vasopressin (Pitressin) is a medication used for clients with a disorder called _____ _____.

Back 35

diabetes insipidus.

Front 36

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released from the parathyroid gland whenever blood levels of:
a. insulin fall
b. insulin rise
c. calcium fall
d. calcium rise

Back 36

c. calcium fall

Front 37

A common feature of negative feedback is to:
a. stimulate the release of a secondary hormone
b. stimulate the release of a primary hormone
c. inhibit the action of a secondary hormone
d. inhibit the action of a primary hormone

Back 37

d. inhibit the action of a primary hormone

Front 38

Which of the following is NOT an example of hormone replacement therapy?
a. thyroid hormone after thyroidectomy
b. supplying insulin to a client whose pancrease is not functioning
c. testosterone for breast cancer
d. adrenal cortex dysfunction

Back 38

c. testosterone for breast cancer

Front 39

Which of the following stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin?
a. hyperglycemia
b. hypoglycemia
c. glucagon
d. ketoacids

Back 39

a. hyperglycemia

Front 40

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) causes which of the following effects?
a. loss of weight
b. feeling of being tired
c. reduced pulse rate
d. reduced body temperature

Back 40

a. loss of weight

Front 41

Which of the following hormones will ultimately result in release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands?
a. corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
b. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. falling levels of cortisol
d. all of the above

Back 41

d. all of the above

Front 42

Which of the following drugs is often administered by alternate-day dosing?
a. thyroid hormone
b. antithyroid therapy
c. glucocorticoid
d. insulin

Back 42

c. glucocorticoid

Front 43

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder associated with which of the following hormones?
a. mineralocorticoids
b. glucocorticoids
c. androgens
d. ADH

Back 43

d. ADH

Front 44

Which of the following is an adverse effect of hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone) therapy?
a. asthma
b. rhinitis
c. nausea
d. mood and personality changes

Back 44

d. mood and personality changes

Front 45

Which of the following corticosteroids has mineralcorticoid activity?
a. hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone)
b. methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol, Medrol)
c. prednisolone (Delta-Cortef)
d. prednisone (Deltasone)

Back 45

a. hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone)

Front 46

Vasopressin (Pitressin) is indicated for which of the following primary symptoms?
a. altered metabolism
b. polyuria
c. inflammation
d. altered glucose blood levels

Back 46

b. polyuria

Front 47

Cells in the thyroid gland that secrete thyroid hormone.

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Back 47

follicular cells

Front 48

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates ACTH release by the pituitary.

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Back 48

corticotropin releasing factor

Front 49

Gland whose secretion is into a duct or on the body surface.

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Back 49

exocrine gland

Front 50

Waste products of lipid metabolism that lower the pH of the blood.

---------

Back 50

ketoacids

Front 51

Dwarfism and mental retardation caused by lack of thyroid hormone during infancy.

---------

Back 51

cretinism

Front 52

Hormone secreted by the pituitary that stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex.

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Back 52

andrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 53

Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone by the adrenal cortex.

-------- -------

Back 53

Addison's disease

Front 54

Type of hormone secreted by the outer portion of the adrenal gland that includes cortisol.

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Back 54

glucocorticoid

Front 55

Chemicals secreted by endocrine glands that act as chemical messengers to affect homeostasis.

--------

Back 55

hormones

Front 56

Cells in the thyroid gland that secrete calcitonin.

-------------- -----

Back 56

parafollicular cells

Front 57

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that affect secretions in the pituitary gland.

--------- -------

Back 57

releasing factors