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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Characteristics common to the vast majority of fungi:
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extracellular digestion
chitin mycelia hyphae cells (all living creatures have them) rhizoid hyphae |
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Characteristics present only in some fungi:
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~stolons
~caps and stalks ~sporangiophores ~haustoria ~motile spores ~septate hyphae |
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Some biologists say that a mushroom is much like an iceberg because only about 10% of an iceberg is visible from the surface of the ocean. what do they mean?
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Typically, we only see the fruiting body of a mushroom. Like an iceberg, that visible part is only a small fraction of the total mushroom because the mycelium is the largest component of the mushroom.
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What is the difference between septate and nonseptate hyphae?
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Septate hyphae have cell walls to separate the cells while non-septate hyphae do not.
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What is the function of the specialized hyphae - RHIZOID?
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support the fungus and digest the food
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What is the function of the specialized hyphae - STOLONS?
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asexually reproduces
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What is the function of the specialized hyphae - SPOROPHORE?
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releases spores for reproduction
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What is the function of the specialized hyphae - HAUSTORIUM?
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invades the cells of a living host to absorb food directly from the cytoplasm
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Which hyphae are AERIAL?
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stolons & sporophores (aerial hyphae are not imbedded in the material upon which the fungus grows)
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What is the difference between a SPORANGIOPHORE and a CONIDIOPHORE?
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a SPORANGIOPHORE produces its spores in an enclosure; a conidiophore does not.
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The main characteristic associated with the phyla of kingdom Fungi: BASIDIOMYCOTA:
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form sexual spores on club-like basidia
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The main characteristic associated with the phyla of kingdom Fungi: ASCOMYCOTA
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form sexual pores in sac-like asci
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The main characteristic associated with the phyla of kingdom Fungi: ZYGOMYCOTA
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form sexual spores where hyphae fuse
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The main characteristic associated with the phyla of kingdom Fungi: CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
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form spores with flagella
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The main characteristic associated with the phyla of kingdom Fungi: DEUTEROMYCOTA
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fungi with no known method of sexual reproduction
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The man characteristic associated with the phyla of kingdom Fungi: MYXOMYCOTA
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fungi that look like protozoa for much of their lives
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What is the main difference between SHELF FUNGI, PUFFBALLS, and MUSHROOMS?
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main difference is WHERE they form their SPORES.
~MUSHROOMS - form spores on basidia that exist in the gills of the cap. ~PUFFBALLS - produces spores on basidia enclosed in a membrane ~SHELF FUNGI - produce spores on basidia in pores on the fruiting body |
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What is an alternate host?
List a type of fungus that uses one. |
is used by a parasitic fungus at some stage in its life. It is not the host that the fungus spends most of its life on.
RUST use ALTERNATE HOSTS |
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What type of fungus is best known for FERMENTATION? Which phylum does it belong to?
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Yeast (are best known for fermentation)
Phylum: Ascomycota |
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How is BUDDING different from the asexual reproduction in bacteria?
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In BUDDING, the offspring stays attached to the parent until it has grown.
In BACTERIAL ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION, the offspring grows on its own. |
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Name at least some PATHOGENIC FUNGI and the maladies that they cause.
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RUSTS - crop damage
SMUTS - crop damage ERGOT of RYE - death |
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3 ways a BREAD MOLD can reproduce - (in each case specify whether the reproduction is sexual or asexual)
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1. STOLON elongates and eventually starts another mycelium - asexually
2. AERIAL HYPHA forms a SPOROPHORE - asexually 3. 2 MYCELIA form a ZYGOSPORE - sexually |
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What puts a fungus into phylum: DEUTEROMYCOTA?
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if the SEXUAL MODE of SPORE FORMATION is unknown - they are placed in the phylum DEUTEROMYCOTA
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What can happen when an antibiotic is used too much?
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RESISTANT STRAINS of the pathogen it is supposed to destroy can be formed
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Name the genus of the fungus tha produces PENICILLIN.
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PENICILLIUM
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When a slime mold is a PLASMODIUM, it resembles organisms from what kingdom?
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kingdom PROTISTA
(In its feeding stage, a slime mold is a plasmodium) |
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What is the easiest way to get rid of slime molds?
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keep the habitat dry and all slime molds will die
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What are the two major forms of mutualism in which fungi participate? Describe each relationship and the job of each participant in that relationship.
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1. FORMING LICHENS - a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga. The alga produces food for both creatures via photosynthesis, and the fungus supports and protects the alga.
2. MYCORRHIZAE - mutualistic relationships between a fungus' mycelium and a plant's root system. The mycelium takes nutrients from the root while it collects minerals from the soil and gives them to the root. |
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What is a SOREDIUM?
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is the specialized spore produced by most lichens. It contains spores for both the fungus and the alga.
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