TOPIC: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
Before we discuss the economic importance of fungi let us have a brief study about what fungi really are.
Fungi are multicellular, eukaryotic, non-chlorophyllous, living organisms which feed heterotrophically by absorption and have a cell wall made up of fungal cellulose and have a body made up of hyphae called mycelium. In this universe each and everything has its own economic advantages and disadvantages.
Let us first study the advantages of fungi.
ADVANTAGES OF FUNGI ROLE OF FUNGI IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE: In the field of medicine fungi have played an important role as they are producers of some antibiotics that can kill pathogenic organisms and cure diseases and also inhibit the …show more content…
saprophytic fungi cause decay and decomposition in various bodies of dead animals and plants. Due to their property of decomposition they convert various complex compounds into simple compounds by secretion of certain types of enzymes. Some of these simple compounds are then absorbed by soil which results in the formation of humus. Certain fungi produce associations with the roots of plants and helps them in taking up of nutrients. This association is called Mycorrhizal Association. They help in the control of insect pests. Some fungal strains prevent or control certain diseases caused by some other fungi. ROLE OF FUNGI IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: It is involved in the process of alcoholic fermentation i.e. fermentation of sugar into alcohol. As producers of Carbon dioxide which is considered a useful product in the baking and brewing industry they are given great importance. Many products of high enzymatic activity have been introduced in the market on the basis of intensive study of enzymes produced in certain fungi. Many important organic acids such as oxalic acid, fumaric acid, etc. are produced industrially due to the biochemical activities of certain fungi especially …show more content…
The reduction of NAD+ to
NADH also occurs.
TOPIC: CALVIN CYCLE
Calvin Cycle is the second phase of photosynthesis in which the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugar phosphates occurs. It is a light independent reaction hence called dark reaction. These reactions which require chemical energy in the form of NADPH2 and ATP are collectively known as Calvin Benson Cycle. There are three steps in which this cycle completes namely, Carboxylation: CO2 is fixed into organic molecules. Reduction: Synthesis of phosphoglyceraldehyde by reduction of organic molecules. Regeneration: In this step reduced carbon is utilized either to regenerate the carbon acceptor molecules or for metabolism. CARBOXYLATION: This is the first and key reaction of Calvin cycle in which Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate combines with a molecule of carbon dioxide producing a six-carbon molecule which readily breaks into two 3 carbon molecules i.e. Glycerate3phosphate (G3P). This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called Rubisco which can function as both either carboxylase or
Before we discuss the economic importance of fungi let us have a brief study about what fungi really are.
Fungi are multicellular, eukaryotic, non-chlorophyllous, living organisms which feed heterotrophically by absorption and have a cell wall made up of fungal cellulose and have a body made up of hyphae called mycelium. In this universe each and everything has its own economic advantages and disadvantages.
Let us first study the advantages of fungi.
ADVANTAGES OF FUNGI ROLE OF FUNGI IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE: In the field of medicine fungi have played an important role as they are producers of some antibiotics that can kill pathogenic organisms and cure diseases and also inhibit the …show more content…
saprophytic fungi cause decay and decomposition in various bodies of dead animals and plants. Due to their property of decomposition they convert various complex compounds into simple compounds by secretion of certain types of enzymes. Some of these simple compounds are then absorbed by soil which results in the formation of humus. Certain fungi produce associations with the roots of plants and helps them in taking up of nutrients. This association is called Mycorrhizal Association. They help in the control of insect pests. Some fungal strains prevent or control certain diseases caused by some other fungi. ROLE OF FUNGI IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: It is involved in the process of alcoholic fermentation i.e. fermentation of sugar into alcohol. As producers of Carbon dioxide which is considered a useful product in the baking and brewing industry they are given great importance. Many products of high enzymatic activity have been introduced in the market on the basis of intensive study of enzymes produced in certain fungi. Many important organic acids such as oxalic acid, fumaric acid, etc. are produced industrially due to the biochemical activities of certain fungi especially …show more content…
The reduction of NAD+ to
NADH also occurs.
TOPIC: CALVIN CYCLE
Calvin Cycle is the second phase of photosynthesis in which the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugar phosphates occurs. It is a light independent reaction hence called dark reaction. These reactions which require chemical energy in the form of NADPH2 and ATP are collectively known as Calvin Benson Cycle. There are three steps in which this cycle completes namely, Carboxylation: CO2 is fixed into organic molecules. Reduction: Synthesis of phosphoglyceraldehyde by reduction of organic molecules. Regeneration: In this step reduced carbon is utilized either to regenerate the carbon acceptor molecules or for metabolism. CARBOXYLATION: This is the first and key reaction of Calvin cycle in which Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate combines with a molecule of carbon dioxide producing a six-carbon molecule which readily breaks into two 3 carbon molecules i.e. Glycerate3phosphate (G3P). This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called Rubisco which can function as both either carboxylase or