Hydrochloric acid

“Classifying Chemical Reactions - Lab Report” I - Introduction - Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. In chemistry, chemical and physical changes are used to help scientists understand how different substances react given various circumstances. A chemical change is any change resulting in the formation of a new chemical substance(s). A physical property is any change that does not involve the chemical makeup of a substance at all. In total…

calcium or barium. Part C explored a different method through the use of cation flame tests to observe colored flames from six metal chloride solutions. In Part A, the initial step was to add HCl to the unknown sample. This was necessary because hydrochloric acid helped separate the cations, which is what was needed in order to distinguish the lead or silver from the calcium or barium. It did this because the chlorine ion of HCl was able to bond with silver or lead, leaving the other cation in…

revealed substances C: citric acid, D: sucrose, and H: benzoic acid to be covalent compounds, while the remaining substances to be all ionic. The previously stated covalent compounds all were found to have low relative melting points when heating them on a hot plate, but they had mixed results to their solubilities: citric acid and sucrose were found to be soluble in water, while benzoic acid was not soluble in water. The situation was reversed when using ethanol: citric acid dissolved slightly…

practice of chemistry in an environmentally safe way to prevent pollution. We used green chemistry to minimize the amount of waste we were to be creating. We ended up creating waste from degalvanizing nails. There was a 6 molar solution of hydrochloric acid that stripped the zinc on the nails. Nails are dipped in zinc to prevent rusting. The amount of zinc placed on these nails has to comply with industry standards. A high standard of zinc coating on…

pH is the measure of acidity or basicity of the solution. pH is the level of acidity on a scale of 0 to 14 in which 0 is the most acidic while 14 is the most basic. To put it in perspective, the pH value of pure water is 7, the pH value of hydrochloric acid is 0, and sodium hydroxide is around 14. The range of 0 to 14 uses the practical limits that pH puts on some solutions. This means that some solutions are able to exceed this scale and reach pH levels of -1 and 15, but these pH’s are not…

Introduction Unknown substances can be found everywhere. Whether it is the mysterious crust on the desk, or the sticky material found at the bottom of an unwashed bowl, there is a curiosity as to what that substance could be. In science, the unknown substance is called the analyte (1). The unknown substance, taken from the Gulf of Mexico, is tested to determine the true identity of the substance. In order to find the analyte, there are two different scientific methods that can be applied. The…

The unique composition and purity of as-deposited SnS2 thin films prepared with different precursor solution volumes from 5 ml to 25ml were determined by EDX analysis as shown in fig 5, which brought out the presence of Tin and Sulfur as elementary components. Two different peaks were observed in the spectrums from fig 5 relevant to the tin and sulfur. The EDX spectra show that the weight percentage for the film prepared at the precursor solution volume of 5 ml is 36.8% and 63.2%, which is…

Water is a transparent, odourless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen freezing at 30°F or 0°C and boiling at 212°F or 100°C, that in a more or less impure state constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers etc; it contain 11188% of hydrogen and 88.812% of oxygen by weight. (Dictionary.com) The Earth is surrounded by 70% of water, however, that 70% is composed of salt water and fresh water. The salt water is made up of 97% and fresh water is 3%. 2% of the fresh water is frozen up in…

different concentrations of nitric acid (measured in molars) with copper powder (grams) affect the rate of reaction (measured in seconds) measured using a stopwatch? Hypothesis: The copper powder placed in the most concentrated amount of nitric acid, measured in molar, will take the least amount of time, measured in seconds, to react compared to the amounts of copper powder in other less concentrated amounts of nitric acid. This is as if the concentration of nitric acid is increased, then the…

ABSTRACT Within this experiment, the use of a bomb calorimeter was required in order to determine the heat capacity of the system through the combustion of three separate trials of benzoic acid. The resulting heat capacity values for each trial were averaged, with a standard deviation found as well. This was then used to work backwards, for a naphthalene trial, in order to calculate the change in energy (∆U) and the change of enthalpy (∆H). The accepted value for the change in enthalpy of…