Chlorides

The problem being tested is how do different chemicals, such as ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride, affect the temperature of the water? The hypothesis being studied is, if three grams of calcium chloride is mixed with 50.0mL of water, then the temperature will decrease because there are more atoms in calcium chloride than in ammonium chloride and sodium chloride. The independent variables is the type of chemical and the dependent variable is the change in the temperature of the water. In this experiment, problem being tested was as follows; how do different chemicals, such as ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride, affect the temperature of the water? It was predicted that if three grams of calcium…

to determine the unknown compound, many tests were performed testing the solubility, pH level, conductivity, cations present (flame test), and the anions present in the compound. The anion test had positive results for the sulfate test due to the formation of a white precipitate, indicating the presence of a sulfate ion. For the sulfate test the unknown solution, potassium sulfate, and combining it with hydrochloric acid and barium chloride. If a sulfate anion was present in the unknown…

After finishing the cation and anion test as well as repeating step for with the known compound of sodium chloride, the assumption was that our given unknown compound is sodium chloride. In the cation test, the strong orange color appears, it is certain it was sodium and since the sodium only appears as the only in the list of possibilities. It was more convincing that it's sodium chloride because when we did the the anion test a white precipitate appear and a replication with the sodium…

The results showed that the bioluminescent bacteria was not affected by sodium chloride. They can actually survive in both fresh and saltwater. I discovered that the light intensity of the bacteria stayed between 0.02 and 0.07 lux. sodium chloride seemed to not affect the light intensity at all. In my background research I discovered that pollutants decrease light intensity of the bacteria. To learn more I use sodium chloride as my toxic pollutants and tested its effect on light intensity.…

The hypothesis was that unknown was calcium chloride. This conclusion came from a couple of sources of reasoning. First, a number of compounds were present in the lab, and one of those had to be the unknown. Second, the unknown was white and spherical in shape, and so these characteristics were examined for in the possible compounds. Compounds that were sand-like in texture or liquid in their present physical state were passed over since none of those compounds could be the unknown. Calcium…

1. Iodide proved to be the more reactive nucleophile in this reaction. This nucleophile was faster than Chloride, because on the periodic table, Iodine has a bigger atomic size, while Chlorine has the higher electronegativity, but size trumps electronegativity, as according to ARIO rules. This means that Iodine is more acidic than Chlorine, which means that in the reaction, the Iodide could displace the Bromine from the 1-bromooctane, because it has a bigger size, much faster than the Chloride,…

In this study, the changes in the rheological curves of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastisols with increasing storage time and the factors affecting the changes were studied,. The results show that with increasing storage time, all the "viscosity–temperature" and "viscosity–time" rheological curves of PVC plastisols exhibit non-normal distribution change trends, i.e., the viscosity first decreases, and then changes from slow increasing to rapid increasing, forming a shoulder peak, reaches to the…

In this experiment, two cations in an unknown solution were found using qualitative analysis. For Part A, the solution was to contain either silver or lead, while in Part B, the solution that was set on the side form Part A was identified to contain either calcium or barium. Part C explored a different method through the use of cation flame tests to observe colored flames from six metal chloride solutions. In Part A, the initial step was to add HCl to the unknown sample. This was necessary…

About magnesium chloride. Magnesium Chloride is also known as the “master Magnesium compound“. Magnesium chloride is named with the formula MgCl2. Being an ionic halide; it is highly soluble in water. This compound can be extracted from brine or sea water. In America magnesium chloride is produced from Great Salt Lake. Magnesium chloride is therapeutic to the human body. Magnesium can be found in various organic and inorganic forms in nature. Each of these forms has their degree of efficiency…

Introduction and Historic Background Copper (II) chloride is often times called cupric chloride. The molecular formula is CuCl2. There are two forms of copper (II) chloride. One form is the anhydrous form, which is when the copper (II) chloride is a yellowish-brown powder. It has a boiling point around 993 degrees Celsius and a melting point near 630 degrees Celsius. If copper II chloride is in its dihydrate form, it is a green-crystalline solid. The formula weight of the dihydrate form is…