Hydrology

Earth’s hydrology consists of many complicated processes that influence or directly impact the availability, as well as the quality, of water resources in a region. Rising global temperatures are projected to have a significant influence on these natural processes, affecting many components of the hydrological cycle. Hydrology, in the broadest definition, is the study of water. More specifically, it is a physical science, which “encompasses the distribution, movement, and quality of water in the Earth system” (Yarnal, 2014). Water resources, unlike hydrology, are defined as a social science in which “the use of water by humans” is studied (Yarnal, 2014). Water resources can be thought of as a component in the hydrological cycle, and are…

flood flows in urban areas. Watershed considered for this study is Moores Run watershed (8.8 Km2) located in Baltimore, Maryland. A basin scale curve number based hydrologic model was developed in HEC-HMS with the aid of ArcGIS and HEC-GeoHMS. USGS 01585230 at Radecke Avenue gauge was used for the calibration of hydrologic model. Design storms with different return periods, developed by NOAA, were routed through the watershed to produce the peak flood scenarios for current land use conditions.…

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is found to be suitable for this purpose (Arnold et al., 1998; Arnold and Fohrer, 2005). Although this model has been widely used in regional scale, this research will also try to identify the compatibility of using SWAT model in a small scale urban watershed. Two main components of my research are ‘hydrology’ and ‘land use change’. A study area near Indiana University (IU) Golf Course has been selected to conduct the research. A new health center…

My work revolved around the hydrological analysis of the city of Santa Cruz, California area in the San Lorenzo Watershed. My purpose was to determine if any relationship could be discovered between the rainfall and runoff data of the watershed area with the urbanization of the city. The problem at hand was to cross reference the development of Santa Cruz with the patterns of the local water data. Real precipitation and stream flow data within the San Lorenzo Watershed where studied from January…

groundwater. 14. How many states have laws that acknowledge that ecosystems may also be reliant on groundwater? (Table 1) a. Only 25 of the states have laws that recognize groundwater-dependent ecosystems. 15. Although we know water quantity affects water quality (i.e. dilution/concentration for contaminants), what percent of states have different agencies that oversee groundwater quality and groundwater quantity? (Table 1) a. 36 states have different agencies oversee water quantity and water…

(Jones et al., 2003). The crop model is equipped with its own soil hydrology module that interacts with the crop component that simulates plant’s phenology, morphology and yield. Crop models are generally designed to run continuously from sowing until maturity or harvest – unless the crop fails due to extreme stress. However, to incorporate DSSAT in the modeling framework (Fig. 3), it is customized to stop when desired and restarts from that point in time (Ines et al., 2013; Das et al.,
2011b).…

The boundless number of rainfall and stream flow data started during the turn of the 20th century. The recorded hydrology during this time period only collected a few significant statewide droughts that manifested. These historical droughts occurred during 1928-34, 1976-77, 1987-92, and 2007-09. The latest heavy regional drought that shook the Southern parts of California was during 1999-2002. According to historical data with estimates from implied signals such as tree rings that suggest that…

Glacial Lake London was reconstructed based on Dreimanis work, present-day topography, and lacustrine sediments found on top of the Arva Moraine bluffs in Medway Creek. For the first time, the lake is presented in its entirety at a variety of possible water levels. Catastrophic drainage was reconstructed based on breach dimensions, and geomorphic features found in the Komoka spillway area. Both of these approaches suggest that modern peak hydrology generated by snowmelt or rain-induced floods is…

methods include a modified Tennant method or use of low flow indices that have been used to define the ecological relevance and modified for transferability of techniques across different regions and river types (Tharme, 2003). More structured assessments include complex hydrodynamic habitat modelling. The most common assessment types are the desktop environmental flow methodologies that rely primarily on the use of historical monthly or daily hydrological data (Tharme, 2003). These…

1. Define the following terms: According to the textbook below are the following definitions. • Surface water-Water from lakes, streams, rivers, and surface springs (Friis, 2012, pg. 211). • Groundwater- Any water that is stored naturally deep underground in aquifers or that flows through rock and soil, supplying springs and wells; this water is less susceptible to contamination than surface water (Friis, 2012, pg. 211). • Hydrology- is the scientific study of the movement, occurrence,…