Hydronium

Acid and Base Theories Final Paper In the world of science, there are three main theories for acids and bases. Those three theories are the Arrhenius theory, the Bronsted-Lowry theory, and the Lewis theory. An Arrhenius acid is defined as a substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions in aqueous solution and an Arrhenius base is defined as a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. The definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid is that it is a substance that donates a proton to another substance. The definition of a Bronsted-Lowry base is that it is a substance that accepts a proton from another substance another substance. A Lewis acid is an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts a pair of electrons.…

Part A: Background Information Acids and bases are very common in today’s society, and they can be found in most households. Acids can be found as by-products of air pollution, concrete cleaner, food flavouring and is produced by the muscle. Bases are found in most cleaning products as ammonia or sodium hydroxide, and they also treat indigestion. There are many ways that acids and bases can be defined by their chemical properties. The Bronsted-Lowry definition states that acids are proton…

point, with an addition of continuous increase in pH after the equivalence point. However, the only difference between the two titration curves is the equivalence point is at different pH level. HCl has an equivalence point at pH 7.5 while HCOOH is at pH 8.7. This is because the product salt formed from the two reaction has different pH level, which results in different equivalence point. According to the table in Part 4 of the report sheet, when the salt NH4Cl is dissociated into water, it…

1. Our experiment supported our hypothesis. The optimal temperature for the activity of the human amylase is 37°C. This suggest that enzymes have to adapt to the temperature of the organisms in order to develop work because the normal temperature of human is 37°C. It is important to understand that the enzyme amylase play a role to breakdown, so other enzymes can produce sugar of it. In humans, it is critical to develop work at human’s temperature to continue developing break down the…

According to Jefferson (2011), “Liquids with Carbonization have a faster effect to dissolve an aspirin than many other liquids that don’t have carbonization.” In this experiment, I am testing which of the following liquids Sprite,Coke,7-Up,Fanta,Ginger Ale,Water,Lemonade, Club Soda, or Orange Juice will dissolve a coated aspirin and an uncoated aspirin the quickest to result in the fastest relief possible. There are many things that may affect the results such as pH level and if a drink that is…

The “Acid Bath Murderer” case was about a man named John George Haigh. It was said that he killed his boss and dumped him into a forty-gallon barrel of acid (Casale,2017). Like most known killers, Haigh blended well into society. Born into a strictly religious family on July 24, 1909, Haigh claimed his childhood to be strict and somewhat lonely. During his youth, Haigh had an accident which resulted in having a blue bruise on his head. His mother told him that this blemish was a result of his…

Acids and Bases are solutions, and can be found everywhere in the world. They can be found in food, drinks, around the house, and in the environment around you. Acids and Bases are used by people, animals, and even plants for many different purposes (Buthelezi et al. 634). A solution is a homogenous mixture, which is a mixture with a composition that is consistent throughout the substance (Buthelezi et al. 634). Solutions are comprised of the solute and a solvent. The solvent is the most…

concentration of hydronium ions is greater than the concentration of the hydroxide ions in the substance. An example of this would be HCl (hydrochloric acid). A base is the opposite, as the concentration of hydroxide ions in the substance is greater than the concentration of hydronium ions. An example of a base is CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate), which is used as an anti-acid in medicines such as Tums. Neutralization is a type of double replacement reaction in which an acid reacts with a base in order…

Both titrations in this lab reflected these properties, such as acid-dissociation, acid-dissociation constants, etc. In parts A and B, it demonstrated the differences between strong and weak acids and why there is a significant difference between equivalence points, as one value was 7.21 and why the other was 8.38. Regardless that the pH differences are not dramatic, it is important to acknowledge the reasons why pH values occur as they do at the different stages of titration – pre-titration,…

at a level which is still safe to drink but kills of germs and lets the water to be germ free while travelling I the pipes. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). The other common disinfectant is chlorine gas, chlorine gas is a harmful gas and was even used a chemical weapons in previous wars. Therefore safety restrictions are high when using chlorine gas being it is corrosive and at large doses fatal. When chlorine is added to water it forms hypochlorous acid, hydronium and a free…