Bases

The unknown base concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution can be determined by titration potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) with an unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide NaOH. The average molarity of NaOH determine by the moles and volume of the KHP and NaOH. (Eq 1). KHC8H4O4(aq) + NaOH(aq) = H2O(l) + NaKC8H4O4(aq) (Eq 1) The unknown concentration of white vinegar can be determined by the white vinegar with the known concentration of sodium hydroxide from the previous lab. (Eq 2). CH3CO2H(aq) + NaOH(aq) = CH3CO2Na(aq) + H2O(l) (Eq 2) The purpose of indicator used to determine the end point of the reaction when both the reactants and product are colorless. The experiment goal of the lab is to determine the concentration of acetic acid (CH3CO2H) in the commercial white vinegar brand. Procedure and Data Statement The complete experimental procedure is available in the General Chemistry Laboratory Manual for CSU Bakersfield, CHEM 211, pages 60-61, 64-65. Experimental data recored on the attached data pages 62-63, 66-68. Discussion…

Part A: Background Information Acids and bases are very common in today’s society, and they can be found in most households. Acids can be found as by-products of air pollution, concrete cleaner, food flavouring and is produced by the muscle. Bases are found in most cleaning products as ammonia or sodium hydroxide, and they also treat indigestion. There are many ways that acids and bases can be defined by their chemical properties. The Bronsted-Lowry definition states that acids are proton…

Introduction: Acids and bases are often described using the Bronsted-Lowry theory which states that acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors (Thorne, 78). This means that an acid has additional H+ ion(s) that can be given, whereas a base lacks these ions and will accept them. Acids and bases can further classified as strong or weak. A weak acid, such as HF, will not ionize completely, meaning that only some of the H+ ions will be lost. A strong acid will however, will release…

3.7.1. Effect of solvent and pH The influence of the solvent on Schiff base ligand L and its metal(II) complexes were studied. The results showed that the optimal solvent for Schiff base ligand L, Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were CH3CN at λemi =320, 310, 316 and 330 nm, while the optimal solvent for Mn(II) complex was DMF λemi = 312 nm, as shown in Figure 7. The effect pH on the fluorescence intensity of Schiff base ligand L and its metal(II) complexes were investigated between…

INTRODUCTION 1.1What is an acid-base titration? An acid –base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by neutralizing the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration. An acid-base titration is the analysis of the concentration of acids and bases; through this process an acid or base of known concentration neutralizes an acid or base of unknown concentration. The neutralization of an acid or base in acid-base titration can be measured with either a…

ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM FORMATE AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INTRODUCTION The objective of this experiment is to examine the definitive characteristics of acids and bases by investigating the characteristics of strong versus weak acids; more specifically, why these differences are important in the process of titrations. In this experiment, there are two titrations performed and measured the pH of one salt solution. This experiment includes a strong acid and strong base…

CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this experiment was to find the concentration of the unknown base (NaOH) through a titration. In the experiment, it took 0.95 mL of NaOH with a concentration of 0.53 moles to neutralize 5.0 mL of a 0.100 M of HCl. In the expected result, the concentration of the NaOH was 0.50 moles. The percent error for the lab was only 6%, which means the lab had a fairly high accuracy. Differences between the expected results and the actual result would be caused by the sources of…

Racheal A. Krasner Professor Garfield Beckford CHEM 1211 L 25 September 2015 Lab Report Concerning Acid-Base Titrations The purpose of this experiment was to recognize the procedures for conducting acid-base titrations. Each acid-base titration used one solution to analyze another; it also involved the use of an indicator, which denoted the endpoint of the titration. The indicator used was phenolphthalein; it produced a pink hue when the titrations reached their endpoints – between pH 8 and pH…

Acids and Bases are solutions, and can be found everywhere in the world. They can be found in food, drinks, around the house, and in the environment around you. Acids and Bases are used by people, animals, and even plants for many different purposes (Buthelezi et al. 634). A solution is a homogenous mixture, which is a mixture with a composition that is consistent throughout the substance (Buthelezi et al. 634). Solutions are comprised of the solute and a solvent. The solvent is the most…

How can we differentiate acids and bases? How do we know if a substance is an acid or a base? There are different methods to discover whether a substance is an acid or a base. One of the methods is by using an acid-base indicator or by identifying hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a substance’s chemical formula. Certain materials such as a plastic template, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, universal indicator, and a pH chart can be used to help us distinguish acids and bases.…