Hydronium

QUESTION Explain the significance and optimum value of the following parameter i. pH ii. DO iii. TDS iv. COD v. BOD ANSWER pH ph is the concentration of hydronium ion. It represents the ratio of hydronium ions (H3O + ) to Hydroxide ion (OH- ). It is numeric scale which decides the basic and alkalinity of water. If the ph of the solution is less than 7 than then the solution is said to alkaline and if the ph is greater then 7 then the solution is said to be basic. The ph of pure water at 25o C is…

(Importance of Buffers, 2013) The composition of a buffer in a basic aqueous solution is combined containing a weak base and a salt of conjugate acid of weak base. A buffer solution resists the changes in pH therefore resisting modifications in hydronium ions and hydroxide ion concentrations. This is beneficial in chemical analyses, syntheses and standardization of pH. (Importance of Buffers, 2013) Buffer systems play an important role in the surrounding environment, daily…

act as an acid and a base. In pure water, about two molecules of water react to form a hydroxide ion and a hydronium ion. One molecule of water will act as an acid by donating a proton and another molecule of water will act as a base by accepting a proton. This reaction is an equilibrium reaction and reversible. Therefore in the reverse reaction, the hydroxide ion is the base and the hydronium ion is an acid. Conclusion Overall, all of these extraordinary properties comes from the unusual…

Discussion: The specific purpose for this study was to see how enzyme activity would change as there was a change in temperature and pH. Both temperature and pH were hypothesized to have an affect on enzyme activity. Each had an optimal temperature. At this point, the rate of enzyme activity would stop increasing and begin to decrease. For temperature, it was hypothesized that the optimal temperature would be 48°C. For pH, it was hypothesized that the optimal pH would be 7. As temperature was…

except Stevia is another, dairy products and gluten are others. In the drink area soda, alcohol and many sport drinks are very acidic). Acids come from the H+ ion that is weakly bound to many molecules and easily breaks off, many times forming H3O (hydronium) which is acidic. This acid buildup, even with the correct pH affects our insulin mechanism (which either has us consume more sugar or tells the cells to release it, both of which are bad). It also affects our body flora, which controls over…

Physics practical theory: Hydrochloric acid is a clear is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. Major production started in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatine and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20…

Introduction: Within this task we were required to determine the ecological state of the Reddam House wetland, which I presume is at a good standard. I decided to test the ecological status of the wetland by gathering samples from the wetland and testing it for various aspects in the water and the plants that are found within the area. Method: • Collected water in a sterilized bottle at Reddam House wetland as well as observed surrounding fauna and flora. • Took the water to Rand Water to have…

equivalence point can be found by calculating the second derivative of the titration curve. In this particular practical acetic acid was titrated with sodium hydroxide. In this reaction the proton (H+ ion) is transferred to the water molecule creating a hydronium ion. Acetic acid is a weak acid, this is because it doesn 't ionise fully when it is dissolved in water. Another way of saying this is the “back” reaction is more successful than the forward one. Below is shown the equation for the…

value which was given to be 7.9*10^-8. (See equation 4) Results and Discussion In this lab the experimental pKa value was determined to be 7.21 and the average Ka was determined to be 6.17x10^-8. This value shows that through he dissociation of the hydronium in the solution it made the solution more acidic than a basic solution. The previously determined Ka gave a percent error of -21.91%, this error could be due to several reasons including, but limited too: calibrating the ph electrode…

Annual global carbon dioxide emissions increased by over 20% between 1997 and 2009 from approximately 24 billion tons to over 30 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year (Friedlingstein et al., 2010). The implications of this are vast and are by no means limited to global warming. For many millions of year prior to industrialization, ocean pH levels remained stable; however, high levels of anthropogenic carbon emissions in the near 200 years since the industrial revolution, have caused fundamental…