Hydroxyl radical

In conclusion, the authors found that chloride and sulfate anions influenced in the degradation rates of phenol, 2-chloro- and 2-nitrophenol under Fenton reactions. However, the chloride anion has a higher affectation in these systems. In the case of 2-chlorophenol the degradation rates are slower because the presence of additional chloride radicals from the abstraction reactions as mentioned above. Lastly, chlorides and sulfates influence the biodegradation of phenolic compounds in a different way: biodegradability of phenol is improved by chloride and for 2-nitrophenol and 2-chlorophenol by sulfates. Conclusion As it can be seen, the examples of Fenton and photo- Fenton process applications, agree and confirm the theory explanations of these processes. Based on this, the parameters can be identified and establish a range for optimal conditions of operation or identify the possible effects of the parameters in the process. For example, the application of Fenton process (for different kind of pollutants) confirms that the optimal pH is around 3, as was discussed in the review…

stress via hydroxyl radical and imbalanced redox homeostasis Redox hemostasis has been shown to be an important factor in the overall aging and neurodegeneration processes in mammalian models; such as, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. As a result, redox homeostasis has been a key point of interest in current research. Redox homeostasis is the balance between electrophiles and nucleophiles in a system, more importantly in a biological system. These electrophiles and nucleophiles play an important…

Free radicals form when weak bonds split. They need to be stable so they react very fast with other compounds. When the free radical attacks a molecule, it takes an electron, which turns that molecule into a free radical. It is like the domino effect. The body may also create free radicals on its own. It creates them in small amounts so it’s not very harmful to the body. Harmful things in the environment will also create them. The body is only able to handle a certain number of free…

Religious radicalism can be determined based off of opposition. When someone is radical they can be bigoted, or use religious text to justify spreading hatred, and violence. Most of the time radicals want their interpretation of their scripture to be seen as the truth, so when there is disagreement they feel threatened, so how are radicals created? Firstly, there are common answers to why radicals are created. Poverty is a known answer, but it is mainly a misconception. Most extremists were in…

Life Server A financially strained Valerie, learns she will be blocked from classes. She reads an email, “Urgent: Please pay your tuition, in order to continue your education.” This is Valerie’s last semester of law school. She visits Academic Advising asking, “Would it be terribly bad if I postponed one semester?” Her advisor responds, “Fill out this form and we will see you upon return.” Valerie despises everything; as she can’t ask her struggling parents for help. Valerie, now needs a job. …

cities. Just adding more hospitals would not solve the problem of obstetric fistula forever. The population has to view maternal health as a priority before obstetric fistula can go away. If women are allowed to wait longer to have children and get married, the rates of obstetric fistula will decrease greatly. Increased education and awareness about obstetric fistula will be much more of a permanent solution to combating obstetric fistula than merely building more hospitals will. It is…

As said in Feminist Thought by Rosemarie Tong, “Gender is separable from sex and patriarchal society uses rigid gender roles to keep women passive and men active.” To respond to distinct sex roles that have been defined, radical libertarian feminists believe men and women should practice androgyny, the combination of both masculine and feminist traits (Tong, 2009). In the essay, Womanliness as Masquerade, written by Joan Riviere, Riviere described what it was like to be a female and how…

Before 1865 African Americans were kept against their will and treated like animals. The Civil War was the start of the dispute between states in the United States. The United States were split into the North and South because the North began to realize how awful slavery really is. African Americans were stripped of their rights, but the South did not care because they wanted slaves for their hard labor. As African Americans were still continuing with no rights, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th…

Feminism, a highly controversial issue in the late eighteenth century England, and the key figure of this particular movement is John Stuart Mill and Mary Woolstonecraft is seen to be the leading figure, who fights for social equality among men and women, especially by providing equal opportunities and rights in the fields of education and marriage. Women’s rights were a disputatious topic during the eighteenth century and Austen certainly concerned herself therefore, Feminism, is a belief that…

The movie, The Stepford Wives comprises of definite points of interest including the liberation of men and women, equality between men and women, and lastly, feminism. The movie conveyed these significant ideas, for people to be aware of their society’s rotting core. 1960’s and 1970’s was a period when women campaigned for the development of their own rights.Some women pushed their opportunity to extreme that resulted into women’s dominance over men. Perhaps, this movie was produced to be an…