Acid-base chemistry

Acid-base chemistry can be used to separate the components of a mixture, if one or more of those components are acidic or basic, based on the solubility of that mixture. Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent and it’ll usually form a solution. An extraction is when compounds are dissolved from a solid into a solvent or from a solution into another solvent. Solvent-solvent is when nonaqueous solvents and reagents are used to remove an element from an aqueous solution. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the composition of mixtures, identify an unknown mixture and calculate the percent recovery. The formula for percent recovery is Discussion For experiment A, the weight of the empty vials were 9.911 grams and 9.896 grams. The weight of the vials with the naphthalene was 9.948 grams and 9.895 grams. The percent recoveries will be 49.3% and 34.6%. The organic layer contains the neutral naphthalene and the upper aqueous layer contains 4-Nitroaniline. According to Regis, the reason why there were two layers is because the two compounds in the solution were immiscible. This means that they don’t dissolve each other. Therefore the aqueous solvent will sit on top and the solvent that is immiscible with water, the organic solvent, will sit on the bottom. The reason why the percent recovery wasn’t higher was because maybe not all of the upper aqueous layer or all of the organic layer was extracted all the way. If some of the upper layer was mixed…

Acid and Base Theories Final Paper In the world of science, there are three main theories for acids and bases. Those three theories are the Arrhenius theory, the Bronsted-Lowry theory, and the Lewis theory. An Arrhenius acid is defined as a substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions in aqueous solution and an Arrhenius base is defined as a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. The definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid is that it is a…

Langat SC131: Anatomy and Physiology II In this paper we will take a gander at four conditions: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Next we'll characterize each condition by including the levels of PCO2 or HCO3-and the pH levels. At that point we'll recognize no less than at least three common reasons for each of these conditions. We'll be depicting the compensatory component for each condition in detail; incorporate whether…

42. Normal HCO3 for arterial is 22 thru 26 mEq/liter and venous is 19 to 25 mEq/liter with PCO2 normal for arterial 35 thru 45 mm Hg and venous 38 thru 52 mm Hg. Normal PO2 is 80 to 100mm Hg for arterial and venous is 28 thru 48 mm Hg. Acidosis can affect the central nervous system within the body and left untreated can lead to death. Alkalosis affects the central nervous system which can cause muscle spasm, seizure activity, and can result in death if left untreated. Having a balanced acid base…

Allison Yi 5/16/16 Chemistry Pettenon Introduction Acids and bases were the fundamental concepts of this lab. Acids are molecules that donate protons or accept electrons.They also are a compound that increases the concentration of H+ ions when they are in water. They are at the lower numbers of the pH scale and range from 1-6. An example of an acid is a lemon. In comparison, bases are substances that accept or…

Antacids are essential in science and everyday life. They work to neutralize an acid in a reaction. Antacids are bases and the chemistry definitions of a base vary. A base is defined as a substance that produces OH- ions in solution in the Arrhenius definition. There is also the Bronsted Lowry definition and the Lewis definition. They are defined as the following respectively: a proton acceptor or H+ ion acceptor and an electron pair donor. These terms are used interchangeably to figure out if…

We posed a question and we predicted that the presence of an enzyme may be affected due to the addition of water. From personal experience in chemistry, adding water to a compound like pNpp results in it breaking down the phosphate ion from its original compound. Breaking down the compound results in a quick change in reaction which results in faster rate of change. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of an enzyme may speed up due to the addition of water. For the second experiment, we…

problem in chemistry is percent error. This occurs when the data received from doing an experiment is not close enough to the actual data of the same experiment. This is the reason that throughout this lab a series of acid-base procedures are done to determine what concentration of vinegar is collected and compare that to the actual percent concentration that the manufacturer listed on the bottle. The concentration is verified by the titration because in order to determine the unknown…

Acids and Bases are solutions, and can be found everywhere in the world. They can be found in food, drinks, around the house, and in the environment around you. Acids and Bases are used by people, animals, and even plants for many different purposes (Buthelezi et al. 634). A solution is a homogenous mixture, which is a mixture with a composition that is consistent throughout the substance (Buthelezi et al. 634). Solutions are comprised of the solute and a solvent. The solvent is the most…

To start the experiment, all the glassware must be rinsed with deionized water to avoid any contamination of previous chemicals and to ensure there are no unwanted reactions since the deionized water do not have any minerals or ions, such as sodium. Fill the beaker with 100ml of NaOH of 0.108M, then place the funnel on top of the burette to minimize the chance of dropping the solution. Before filling the burette, make sure to have the burette on eye level and the stopcock closed, horizontal, so…