Acid-base chemistry

Acid-base chemistry can be used to separate the components of a mixture, if one or more of those components are acidic or basic, based on the solubility of that mixture. Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent and it’ll usually form a solution. An extraction is when compounds are dissolved from a solid into a solvent or from a solution into another solvent. Solvent-solvent is when nonaqueous solvents and reagents are used to remove an element from an aqueous solution. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the composition of mixtures, identify an unknown mixture and calculate the percent recovery. The formula for percent recovery is Discussion For experiment A, the weight of the empty vials were 9.911 grams and 9.896 grams. The weight of the vials with the naphthalene was 9.948 grams and 9.895 grams. The percent recoveries will be 49.3% and 34.6%. The organic layer contains the neutral naphthalene and the upper aqueous layer contains 4-Nitroaniline. According to Regis, the reason why there were two layers is because the two compounds in the solution were immiscible. This means that they don’t dissolve each other. Therefore the aqueous solvent will sit on top and the solvent that is immiscible with water, the organic solvent, will sit on the bottom. The reason why the percent recovery wasn’t higher was because maybe not all of the upper aqueous layer or all of the organic layer was extracted all the way. If some of the upper layer was mixed…

Acid and Base Theories Final Paper In the world of science, there are three main theories for acids and bases. Those three theories are the Arrhenius theory, the Bronsted-Lowry theory, and the Lewis theory. An Arrhenius acid is defined as a substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions in aqueous solution and an Arrhenius base is defined as a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. The definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid is that it is a…

42. Normal HCO3 for arterial is 22 thru 26 mEq/liter and venous is 19 to 25 mEq/liter with PCO2 normal for arterial 35 thru 45 mm Hg and venous 38 thru 52 mm Hg. Normal PO2 is 80 to 100mm Hg for arterial and venous is 28 thru 48 mm Hg. Acidosis can affect the central nervous system within the body and left untreated can lead to death. Alkalosis affects the central nervous system which can cause muscle spasm, seizure activity, and can result in death if left untreated. Having a balanced acid base…

We posed a question and we predicted that the presence of an enzyme may be affected due to the addition of water. From personal experience in chemistry, adding water to a compound like pNpp results in it breaking down the phosphate ion from its original compound. Breaking down the compound results in a quick change in reaction which results in faster rate of change. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of an enzyme may speed up due to the addition of water. For the second experiment, we…

Antacids are essential in science and everyday life. They work to neutralize an acid in a reaction. Antacids are bases and the chemistry definitions of a base vary. A base is defined as a substance that produces OH- ions in solution in the Arrhenius definition. There is also the Bronsted Lowry definition and the Lewis definition. They are defined as the following respectively: a proton acceptor or H+ ion acceptor and an electron pair donor. These terms are used interchangeably to figure out if…

Acids and Bases are solutions, and can be found everywhere in the world. They can be found in food, drinks, around the house, and in the environment around you. Acids and Bases are used by people, animals, and even plants for many different purposes (Buthelezi et al. 634). A solution is a homogenous mixture, which is a mixture with a composition that is consistent throughout the substance (Buthelezi et al. 634). Solutions are comprised of the solute and a solvent. The solvent is the most…

Abstract: Chemiluminescence is an essential topic in the study of chemistry. The reaction involves mixing two chemicals were to form an excited (high-energy) intermediate that releases energy as light. This experiment first synthesized luminol by reducing 5-nitro-2,3-dihyodropthlazine-1,4-dione, using sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) and 3M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The amount of luminol collected was 0.2693 g with the percent yield of 161%. The product of the first reaction was then used to…

A graduated cylinder was used to measure 200mL of distilled water into an Erlenmeyer flask and then 40mL of 0.6 M NaOH was added to the distilled water in the flask. The flask was then plugged with a rubber stopper and shook in order to mix the solution. A buret was then washed, rinsed with distilled water, and then 5 mL of the NaOH diluted solution. After the cleansing of the buret, it was then filled up with the NaOH diluted solution. The dilution of the solution was calculated to find the…

The equation for the q-test was Q= (|suspected value—nearest neighbor|)/R, when R=Xlargest—Xsmallest. NaOH volume at the end point was found by the final buret volume—initial buret volume. The moles of NaOH were found using the given molarity of 0.0468M and the previously calculated volume. The moles of citric acid were calculated using stoichiometry of the reaction: H3C6H5O7 (aq)+ 3OH- (aq) —> 3H20 (l) + C6H5O7 -3 The molarity of citric acid was found from the calculated moles and the…

Racheal A. Krasner Professor Garfield Beckford CHEM 1211 L 25 September 2015 Lab Report Concerning Acid-Base Titrations The purpose of this experiment was to recognize the procedures for conducting acid-base titrations. Each acid-base titration used one solution to analyze another; it also involved the use of an indicator, which denoted the endpoint of the titration. The indicator used was phenolphthalein; it produced a pink hue when the titrations reached their endpoints – between pH 8 and pH…