Hydrochloric acid

Results Table 1 showed that oral administration of Diclofenac sodium at 150mg/kg.b.w. resulted in a significant increase in renal tumor necroses factor -α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to the normal control group (p< 0.01). Rat receiving extract of any of the two doses of cranberry extract used in this study (75 and 150mg/kg.b.w.) showed a significant decrease in renal TNF-α, NO and TBARS compared to the group that received Diclofenac…

The reaction of soda ash (Na2CO3) with calcium sulfate in water is represented by the following chemical reaction: Na2CO3 + CaSO4 >>> CaCO3 + Na2SO4. Assuming that this reaction is complete and that there is 153 mg/l of CaSO4 initially present, what is the mass of soda ash that must be added to 1 liter of the water? How many grams of CaO are required to be the chemical equivalent of 246 g of Mg(HCO3)2? A complete reaction requires the number of CaSO4 to be equal to the number of moles…

This experiments goal was to successfully produce ZnI2 by using Zinc Sulfate (Heptahydrate) and Barium Iodide Dehydrate, which Jessica and I did with acceptable success. The definition of acceptable success for this experiment is measured by how close our percent yield was close to the ranges provided (0-2% being considered excellent precision and etc). Our percent yield was 92 % meaning that it was an acceptable, but not exactly as close to what we wanted it to be. In order to try and figure…

of the Concentration of Acid in Gastric Juice Introduction Titration is a method where a solution of known concentration is used to find the concentration of an unknown solution. A standard solution is a solution of precisely known concentration. The aim of this experiment was to go over the use of pipettes, burettes, titrations and also to reinforce the concept of molarity. In this experiment, a titration was carried out using a standard solution of hydrochloric acid to establish the…

calcium carbonate is dissolved in a known amount of hydrochloric acid and is then titrated against sodium hydroxide. An orange colour will be observed at the end point. This experiment is a success as two results obtained from the experiment were relatively close furthermore, an average of 21.50% of calcium carbonate obtained is close to the literature value of 20%. 2. Introduction There are several…

Lowry independently expanded the Arrhenius acid definition into one of his own. The Bronsted-Lowry acid is a molecule or ion that is a proton donor. Lewis's definition emphasizes the role of electron pairs in acid-base reactions. A Lewis acid is an atom, ion or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Each theory agrees that an acid is a substance that is dissolved in water and is separated. Although…

(of concentrations 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M). // Hydrochloric acid (2M). // 100cm3 conical flask. // 10cm3 measuring cylinder. // Dropping pipette. // Small piece of plain paper with a large X drawn with think black pen. // Stopwatch. // Goggles. Variables: Independent - The concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M). Dependent - The time taken for the cross to not be seen. Control - // Concentration and volume hydrochloric acid/ volume of sodium thiosulfate solution -…

compound that forms the toxic fumes produced when cadmium oxides are heated. It is an odorless white solid that is more dense than water. Cadmium nitrate is prepared by first dissolving the metal cadmium or its oxide, carbonate, hydroxide in nitric acid them immediately…

to determine pH levels of various substances using different methods. Two techniques were used, the pH paper indicator and the pH meter. Out of ten substances that were used, five of them were found to be acidic, namely: hydrochloric acid, coke, toothpaste, milk, and acetic acid. Sodium hydroxide, buffer solution, bleach, and the detergent were found to be basic. Bottle water was found to be neutral. Substances are said to be acidic because of having pH levels lesser than 7, and those having pH…

chemical change occurred when hydrochloric acid was added to CaCO3 or chalk because the mixture changed to a yellow green color. In order to obtain the percent composition, a filtration system was used to separate the sand from the liquid, by straining the solid with the use of filter paper. Evaporation or heating the liquid mixture separated the liquid in the form of vapor was also used in order to get the salt alone. A chemical change also occurred when hydrochloric acid was added to the…