Sodium

The sodium-potassium pumps is a plasma membrane transport protein and serve to push an ion into a cell against its concentration gradient. This type of action is known as active transport because it needs the energy to be able to move the ions against their concentration gradient. Generally, the solutes being pushed in or out of a cell will go from a low concentration gradient to a high concentration gradient. The sodium-potassium pump is crucial to kidney function, nerve signaling, and heart contractions in the human body. The pump will continuously sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell while pushing potassium ions (K+) into the cell. Every active transport requires energy and in the case of the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump, it requires adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP.…

Sodium polyacrylate is a polymer with a unique structure, that chemists are leveraging in a variety of lucrative industrial applications. Sodium polyacrylate possesses a unique chemical property: the ability to absorb incredible amounts of water. It can absorb 300 to 800 times its weight in water (Superabsorbent Polymers). Industrial chemists have taken advantage of the polymer’s special function, and have incorporated it into dozens of different products. In fact, the industry behind…

Research Question How does the change in hydrochloric acid concentration affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3(aq)) and hydrochloric acid (HCL(aq))? Background to the Research question Collision Theory Back in 1916, scientists William Lewis and Max Trautz proposed the collision theory, which qualitatively explains how chemical reactions take place and why reaction rates change for various reactions. Chemical reactions involve collisions amongst reactant particles or…

very high pH of 12, it can be predicted that sample number 2 is the oven cleaner that contains Sodium Hydroxide. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is highly corrosive due to its elements; the presence of oxygen and an electrolyte (Sodium – Na) cause corrosion, the breakdown of a metal resulting from reactions with chemicals in its environment. The oxygen oxidizes with the metal, and the sodium help speed up the corrosion process. The presence of oxygen and electrolytes (Sodium – Na) in sample number 2…

neuron, they alter the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. If this change reaches threshold, it sends a signal down the neuron’s membrane to the axon. At the axon, the neuron fires the signal to a neighboring neuron, and the process repeats. Once the electrical potential of Neuron A (presynaptic neuron) reaches -60mV the sodium and potassium channels in the neuron open at the beginning of the axon. The influx of positive sodium ions into the cell makes the inside of the cell more…

The Calorimetric Determination of Enthalpy and Entropy Changes of the Thermal Decomposition of Sodium Sulphate Decahydrate Abstract Sodium sulphate decahydrate thermally decomposes to anhydrous sodium sulphate at 50⁰ C and cools to form anhydrous sodium sulphate. Using Hess's Law the enthalpy and entropy changes of this process can be determined in order to deduce the spontaneity of the reaction. The transition temperature was determined by melting the hydrated crystals at 50⁰ C and allowing…

This report gives an information which is related to the reaction between acidified potassium iodide and hydrogen peroxide. Before calculating the rate of this reaction, the reaction will be carried out 3 times and values will be got. A special timer will be used to measure the time. It could be expected and argued that each time will be able differ from the others in each reaction and it can be explained by changing the quantity of hydrogen peroxide. At the final, it will be obviously observed…

What is Sodium cyanide? Sodium Cyanide is an inorganic Compound, it has a formula NaCN. Cyanide actually has a high affinity for metals which can lead to a high toxicity of the salt. Sodium Cyanide has a boiling point of 2,725°F (1,496°C) and it also has a melting point of 1,047°F (563.7°C). A common name for sodium Cyanide is sodium salt of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide has an appearance of while crystalline or granular powder. This toxin releases a hydrogen cyanide gas which is…

Chapter 6 Experimental Work ACETATE BY HPLC Method of Analysis Mobile phase: 0.025 mol/L (0.05N) sulfuric Acid. Using a volumetric pipette, add 3 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to approx. 1500 ml water in 2 liter volumetric flask. Dilute volume with water. Standard Preparations: Accurately weigh 0.240g each std1 and std2 of sodium acetate tri-hydrate W.S. into 100 ml volumetric flask. Then dilute 25 ml to 50 ml with water. Sample Preparation: Dilute with water such that the…

1. In our notes, we reviewed the Major mineral: Sodium. We know from news and health professionals, our intake of sodium is well over recommendations for our bodies need. List three specific changes you could make to your diet to decrease your sodium intake. • Eat more fresh fruit and vegetables since they are low in sodium. I have also learned that canned and frozen fruits are also low in sodium. • When buying frozen vegetables I have learned that reading the label will help you to…