Communication /6
Problem #2
Use the chart you just created to answer the following questions.
a) Which substance would be the most corrosive? /1
Sample number 2 is the most basic and corrosive substance between the four samples. With its very high pH of 12, it can be predicted that sample number 2 is the oven cleaner that contains Sodium Hydroxide. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is highly corrosive due to its elements; the presence of oxygen and an electrolyte (Sodium – Na) cause corrosion, the breakdown of a metal resulting from reactions with chemicals in its environment. The oxygen oxidizes with the metal, and the sodium help speed up the corrosion process. The presence of oxygen and electrolytes (Sodium – Na) in sample number 2 make it more …show more content…
/1
This reaction is a neutralization reaction. A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (a salt) and water; the resulting pH is closer to 7. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction is:
Acid + Base Water + Ionic Compound
This can also be considered as a double displacement reaction. However, since the reacts are an acid (carbonic acid) and a base (sodium hydroxide) and the products are a salt (sodium carbonate) and water (H2O), it is more specifically a neutralization reaction.
c) If you were able to take the combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid and compare it to the combined mass of the sodium carbonate and water, what relationship would you expect? Why would you expect this? /2
The combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, and the combined mass of the sodium carbonate and water will be equal. This is because of the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that in any given chemical equation, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. During a chemical reaction, the atoms/ions of the reactants are rearranged to form new products. Thus, chemical equations must always be balanced, with the same kinds and numbers of atoms/ions and mass on both sides of the arrow, meaning that the combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, and the combined mass of the …show more content…
The attraction that holds the oppositely charged ions together in the ionic compound is called an ionic bond. Ionic compounds are hard, brittle solids with high melting points. Most ionic compounds are also electrolytes, which are compounds that separate into ions when they dissolve in water, producing solutions that conduct electricity. In addition, most ionic compounds form three-dimensional crystals, in which many of each kind of ion in a fixed ration are held together by their ionic bonds. Sodium hydroxide is an ionic compound, which sodium is the metal cation (Na+), and hydroxide is the non-metal anion (OH-), more specifically, sodium Hydroxide’s hydroxide is a polyatomic ion, an ion made up of more than one atom that acts as a single particle. In contrast, a molecular compound (a covalent substance) is very different from ionic compounds. A molecular compound is a pure substance formed from two or more non-metals that are made up of molecules, and joined together by covalent bonds, which are bonds that result from sharing valence electrons between non-metal atoms. In addition, molecular compounds are soft, gases or liquids at room temperature. They also have lower melting points than ionic compounds, and when dissolved or melted, they become non-electrolyte solutions that do not conduct
Problem #2
Use the chart you just created to answer the following questions.
a) Which substance would be the most corrosive? /1
Sample number 2 is the most basic and corrosive substance between the four samples. With its very high pH of 12, it can be predicted that sample number 2 is the oven cleaner that contains Sodium Hydroxide. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is highly corrosive due to its elements; the presence of oxygen and an electrolyte (Sodium – Na) cause corrosion, the breakdown of a metal resulting from reactions with chemicals in its environment. The oxygen oxidizes with the metal, and the sodium help speed up the corrosion process. The presence of oxygen and electrolytes (Sodium – Na) in sample number 2 make it more …show more content…
/1
This reaction is a neutralization reaction. A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (a salt) and water; the resulting pH is closer to 7. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction is:
Acid + Base Water + Ionic Compound
This can also be considered as a double displacement reaction. However, since the reacts are an acid (carbonic acid) and a base (sodium hydroxide) and the products are a salt (sodium carbonate) and water (H2O), it is more specifically a neutralization reaction.
c) If you were able to take the combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid and compare it to the combined mass of the sodium carbonate and water, what relationship would you expect? Why would you expect this? /2
The combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, and the combined mass of the sodium carbonate and water will be equal. This is because of the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that in any given chemical equation, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. During a chemical reaction, the atoms/ions of the reactants are rearranged to form new products. Thus, chemical equations must always be balanced, with the same kinds and numbers of atoms/ions and mass on both sides of the arrow, meaning that the combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, and the combined mass of the …show more content…
The attraction that holds the oppositely charged ions together in the ionic compound is called an ionic bond. Ionic compounds are hard, brittle solids with high melting points. Most ionic compounds are also electrolytes, which are compounds that separate into ions when they dissolve in water, producing solutions that conduct electricity. In addition, most ionic compounds form three-dimensional crystals, in which many of each kind of ion in a fixed ration are held together by their ionic bonds. Sodium hydroxide is an ionic compound, which sodium is the metal cation (Na+), and hydroxide is the non-metal anion (OH-), more specifically, sodium Hydroxide’s hydroxide is a polyatomic ion, an ion made up of more than one atom that acts as a single particle. In contrast, a molecular compound (a covalent substance) is very different from ionic compounds. A molecular compound is a pure substance formed from two or more non-metals that are made up of molecules, and joined together by covalent bonds, which are bonds that result from sharing valence electrons between non-metal atoms. In addition, molecular compounds are soft, gases or liquids at room temperature. They also have lower melting points than ionic compounds, and when dissolved or melted, they become non-electrolyte solutions that do not conduct