Distillation

1. Why was a steam distillation performed rather than a simple distillation performed in the isolation of citral from lemon grass oil? Simple distillation is used to isolate a pure non-volatile liquid from another non-volatile substance. Steam distillation is used to separate liquid and solid that are somewhat volatile and immiscible in water. Since citral is moderately volatile, it was best to use steam distillation. 7. Both geranial (1) and vitamin A (2) are members of the class of natural products called terpenes. This group of compounds has the common characteristic of being biosynthesized by linkage of the appropriate number of five-carbon units having the skeletal structure shown below. Determine the number of such units present in…

perform. Half the lab groups were tasked to perform simple distillation while the other half performed a fractional distillation. Before beginning the procedure for the fractional procedure, materials were gathered. The lab procedure with the lab manual called for a short neck round bottom flask; however, this was not followed during the actual lab. Instead, the long round bottom flask was used. In addition to the long round bottom flask, other materials included the still head, 10 mL graduated…

In this lab, two methods of distillation (simple and fractional) were utilized to separate a mixture of volatile compounds (cyclohexane and toluene). As a first observation of the results and data generated, looking specifically at the simple and fractional distillation curves, it seemed that the fractional curve obtained was not as expected. In fact, it was not very different from the simple distillation curve, having a gradual positive slope. This means that there was actually not a big…

The assigned mixture code was recorded in the notebook (#10). The mixture of the two miscible liquids contained a low boiling point and high boiling point. The method used to separate the two miscible liquids was simple distillation and therefore a simple distillation apparatus was set up. The apparatus included 250mL distillation flask, a 100ml receiving flask, a condenser for water to run through, and a thermometer to monitor the temperature. The measurements of the empty flasks were 37.5120g…

By using the techniques of simple distillation and gas chromatography to purify and determine relative proportions of volatile compounds in their gas form. Distillation could be described as a process where a mixture was heated until it began to boil, and the condensed vapor was collected. After completing the distillation process, the gas chromatography method could be used to identify the relative components of a compound in a volatile mixture. According to the analysis between the…

Distillation, described from About Education, is the process of separating liquids with 2 different boiling points. Distillating requires heating and cooling of liquid components to eventually purify the mixtures. In distillation, heat is added to vaporize the liquid with the lower boiling point and this vapor gas bubble is condensed back into its liquid form, where it is then collected in a receiving flask or a graduated cylinder. Multiple distillations and collections, depending on the types…

According to Ahmad S.A. and Lone S.R. “Hybrid Process (Pervaporation-Distillation)”, Distillation is a separation technique, in which a feed mixture of different components is separated into two or more reaction products by collecting the overhead distillate, formed as vapor or a mix of vapor and liquid, and keeping the remaining liquid solution in the reaction container. To achieve this: firstly, the feed has to contain a liquid or a mix of vapor-liquid mixture at the start of the reaction.…

Fractional Distillation: Lab Report Mixtures can be seen just about anywhere. Mixtures are a substance made of two or more substances. A substance is a particular kind of matter that is uniform throughout. When these substances are mixed together and only mix physically and not chemically, like in a reaction, they are mixtures. Due to these properties, the substances within the mixture can be separated again. Mixtures are separated by one of many separation techniques. Take filtration of tap…

Experiment 1 sought to separate a binary solution into two fractions and determine the identity of the components. This is accomplished through distillation which is the separation of a mixture of compounds. There are two types of distillation; simple and fractional. Simple distillation is used when separating liquids and solids or between liquids with boiling points that differ by more than 40-50°C. On the other hand, fractional distillation separates two volatile liquids in order to achieve…

Simple distillation was used for a liquid whose boiling points is 25 degrees Celsius over the other liquid, whereas fractional distillation is used for liquids with boiling points that are closer than 25 degrees Celsius apart. To obtain the highest percent ethanol, fraction distillation is proven to be the most effective. Because the 2 liquids have a boiling point difference of about 25 degrees Celsius, we used both simple and fractional distillation to remove the ethanol from the water.…