Distillation

Abstract: Distillation is the process of vaporizing a substance or a mixture; condensing it through the water condenser and then collecting it in the receiving flask1. In this experiment, fractional distillation is used to separate organic compounds that have a minuscule difference of their boiling points. The objective of this experiment is to purify and separate ethanol and water by fractional distillation to achieve the 95% of ethanol and 5% of water; then determine…

This lab used techniques in steam distillation to extract crude oil from cloves. The cloves were boiled in a round bottom flask and using a hydrodistillation apparatus, the crude oil was separated from the cloves and sent into a clean flask. This step was used to separate the essential oils from the cloves (Setzer, W., 2008). The distillate was poured into a separatory funnel and extracted three times with dichloromethane to extract the water. After being extracted three times, a fifth of the…

Thu Doan Chem 2211-02 Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture 1. Explain why a packed fractional distillation column is more efficient than an unpacked column for separating two closely boiling liquids. Packing in the columns create more theoretical plates, which means better efficiency for distillation. The packed fractional distillation column provides a large surface area for heat exchange between the vapor and liquid. This allows for better separation between the liquids. 11. a) A…

DISTILLATION The purpose of experiment 1, fractional distillation and gas chromatography, was to separate an unknown organic mixture into two liquids. The primary process of separation was fractional distillation, which utilizes the physical properties of the two unknown volatile liquids. Once the unknown mixture was successfully fractioned, gas chromatography was used to help determine the identity of the two unknown liquids. Fractional distillation and simple distillation both take advantage…

and fractional distillation an equimolar solution of ethyl acetate and propyl acetate was seperated. After distilling 20 mL of the mixture the samples were collected in fractions, which were then analyzed using gas chromatography. The mole ratios of the distillations were converted to a percentage to analyze percent composition. Simple distillation yielded the following results: S1- 69.88% EA/ 30.12% PA, S2- 66.73% EA/ 33.27% PA, and S3- 46.42% EA, 53.58% PA. Fractional distillation yielded:…

Distillation is the most widely used separation process in the chemical industries. The separation of mixtures by distillation depends on the relative volatilities between the components. The greater the relative volatilities, the easier the separation. DME can be used as an alternative raw material when it is converted to gasoline. The DME is converted to gasoline range hydrocarbons over a zeolite catalyst. In the gasoline production reaction, some reactions cause unwanted components which may…

products is done through a technique called distillation. This lab looks at two different distillation techniques, simple and fractional. Acetone and butanone were mixed together and then put through the distillation process in order to obtain each as a pure substance. These substances were boiled into vials that gave us fractions #1-4. Fraction #1 was obtained through simple distillation and fractions #2-4 were obtained through fractional distillation. The fractions were then ran through a gas…

Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to collect three different fractions of a mixture of hexane and toluene at differing temperatures. From there, the fractions would be measured via gas chromatography to discover the percent composition of hexane and toluene in each fraction with the ultimate goal of having one fraction with mostly hexane, one with mostly toluene, and one with an even mixture of the two. Along with this, there is also the goal of redistilling one of the fractions in…

In this lab, a hexane and octane mixture was purified, through distillation, to pure octane. The distillation could be completed because part of the solution, hexane, had a lower boiling point than the other, octane, allowing it to evaporate out. Throughout the experiment, four samples were taken and tested by gas chromatography. Gas Chromatography, or GC, was used to analysis the components of each fraction taken during the experiment. Upon looking at the data, the presence of hexane in the…

starting with 30 mL of an unknown mixture of two solvents, fractional distillation and gas chromatography were used to identify the unknowns as acetone and toluene in a 1 to 2.04 ratio of acetone to toluene. Fractional distillation was first used to separate the unknown mixture into its components based on boiling point. Distillation refers to the method of separating components of a mixture through heating and cooling. Simple distillation, which is especially useful in the separation of…