Distillation

2.3.1 MAJOR PROCESSES 2.3.1.1 THERMAL PROCESSES (DISTILLATION) Around half of the world’s desalted water is produced with heat to distill freshwater from seawater. The process of distillation mimics the natural water cycle in that saline water is heated, producing water vapor that condensed to form freshwater. In an industrial plant or laboratory, water is heated to reach the boiling point to produce the maximum water vapor amount. To make it economically in a desalination plant, the…

Title: Separations of a Mixture Notes: - H¬2O, Copper Sulfate, Starch - H2O (water)- liquid, solvent, boiling point: 100 C, freezing point: 0 C. - Copper Sulfate- solid, soluble, forms an aqueous solution, is a salt. - Starch- solid, macromolecule (long chain sugar), not very soluble in water at low temperatures. - When H2O, Copper Sulfate, and starch are mixed together, it forms a heterogeneous mixture. - Aqueous solution of copper sulfate with a suspension of starch. Research Question: What…

Introduction A blender generally consists of a plastic or glass pitcher that locks into a large base. Some of blenders are made of stainless steel. The lid of the pitcher has a seal that prevents the food or liquid from splashing out while the blender is in motion. The motor has varying speeds that turn either two or four sharp, stainless steel blades. The blades slice, crush and blend the contents of the pitcher..Blender is a must have kitchen equipment for nearly all families today, especially…

3. Preparation of microemulsion:- Microemulsion was prepared by dispersing required quantity of Aripiprazole (15 mg/ml) in appropriate quantity of oil. The mixture was homogenized and to it, accurately weighed quantity of surfactant: cosurfactant blends was added in small portion with stirring. The blends were mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer and to it add dropwise double distilled water with continuous stirring around 10 min. compositions of ARP microemulsion shows in Table 1. 4.…

2.1 Test materials: The essential oils of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes, Pogostemon heyneanus (Lamiaceae) leaves and Zanthoxylum limonella (Rutaceae) fruits were obtained from a commercial oil extraction plant in Assam, India. DMP was supplied by High Purity chemicals, New Delhi, India while DEPA was obtained from Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India. Four concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30%) of the essential oils, their mixtures, DEPA and DMP were prepared in…

Microwave (MW) assisted Esterification of Benzoic Acid (BA) offers the advantage of transformation of energy and heating throughout the volume efficiently in a shorter period and eliminates the use of excess solvent, during the course of reaction. The present study aims to assess the conversion and selectivity for the production of methyl benzoate compounds by esterification of benzoic acid using microwave irradiation. Effects of operating parameters such as reaction time, feed composition,…

The definition of an accelerant is a substance that accelerates the speed of fire or makes a fire more intense (Accelerant | Define Accelerant at Dictionary.com, n.d.). When forensic laboratories have debris that was collected from a crime scene they can use either the Headspace or the Vapor Concentration techniques to determine if there was an accelerant used. Both techniques use Gas Chromatography, which is separating mixtures based on their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and…

The purpose of this lab is to observe the different colors produced by different compounds. My hypothesis is that each compound will produce a different color. For the procedure, we first took a wooden splint and placed it in distilled water. Then, we lit matches we received from Mr. Maloney, and turned on the gas which turned on the bunsen burner. We then took one compound from the front table. We took the wooden splint in the water, and scooped up a tiny bit of the substance and placed the…

Do you ever wonder how glass art is made? It is called glassblowing where artists known as glassblower/gaffers basically blowing air into a 6 ft long pipe that has heated molten glass at the end of it which causes the glass to become larger and shapeable. During this process they will continue to heat the glass in a furnace while in between applying steady rotation by rolling it on a table to to form a shape. Sometimes they may even add some color by rolling the hot glass different colorful…

Exp D. Post Lab Questions 1. What is the purpose of the concentrated sulfuric acid in the first step? The purpose of using concentrated sulfuric acid is to activate the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride and produce the acetylsalicylic acid, which is aspirin. The sulfuric acid is used to protonate oxygen atom of a carbonyl group of salicylic acid. 2. What would happen if the sulfuric acid were left out? Removal of catalytic acid from the reaction would slow down or not proceed…