Distillation

Caffeine is found in many products such as in pharmaceutical supplements, and beverages. Caffeine is mainly obtained from plant seeds or tea leaves. Extraction of caffeine is done to make decaffeinated coffee. There are three methods used to extract caffeine such as water extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and extraction by organic solvents. For this lab, the method used to extract caffeine will be by organic solvents. The purpose of the procedure is see how caffeine is isolated…

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction In this chapter, all the results and analysis in this experiment that have been performed are discussed in detailed. The analysis included characterization and optimization. In addition, the graph and table were prepared to better present the results. 4.2 Extraction Of Jatropha Curcas By Using Soxhlet Extraction Method And Microwave Extraction Method The extraction of Jatropha curcas can be done through many methods such as mechanical extraction,…

Experimental Section - Chemicals Pyrrole, substituted benzaldehydes (p-anisaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde), triethylamine (TEA), p-terphenyl (TP) and ferrocene (Fc) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was purchased from Frontier Scientific. Acetonitrile (MeCN), dichloromethane (DCM), 1,4-dioxane, and other organic solvents used were spectroscopic grade. These solvents were distilled from appropriate drying agents under argon…

This particular lab will focus on separating the components of a ternary mixture, which is a mixture that contains three substances. Both physical and chemical methods are available for separating the components of a mixture. Physical methods use differences in the physical properties of components of a mixture, while chemical methods involve the selective reaction of one of the components of a mixture to form a new substance. In this experiment, five methods of separation will be used:…

Moldovan et al. propounded a different method of extraction from pharmaceutical tablets by extraction of with 0.5 M NaOH. Samples were then filtered and transferred to calibrated flasks with double quantity of distilled water [25]. Author selected five Daflon tablets (a mixture of micronized flavonoid glycosides consisting of 450 mg of diosmin and flavonoid extract equivalent to 50 mg of hesperidin) were powdered, and sonicated at 30°C with 90 mL of methanol/DMSO (1:1) for 30 min. A…

The purpose of this lab was to prepare tetraphenylcyclopentadienone most commonly known as tetracyclone. This involved a 3-step synthesis over the course of 3 weeks. The first step was the preparation of benzoin, which was completed through self-condensation of benzaldehyde with thiamine used as the base catalyst of the reaction. The next step was the preparation of benzil from the oxidation reaction of benzoin with nitric acid. In the oxidation reaction, the alcohol functional group of benzoin…

Experiment 1 and 2 Recrystallization: Purification of Solids and Melting points Purpose: In the fist experiment, impure Vanillin was purified through the process of recrystallization. Desired solutes were recovered through the technique of vacuum filtration, and then dried to take percent recovery In the second experiment, a percent recovery of the recrystallized Vanillin from the first experiment was performed. The percent recovery of Vanillin was 77.18% A mixed…

Set 2 A pressure vs. Volume analysis was done to determine the bubble points for Oil A, Oil B and water, with CO2 Oil A Represented in Fig. 7 below, the Pressure vs. Volume behavior of Oil A is displayed, the graph is separated into two different sections as Oil A transitions from a single phase fluid to a two phase fluid, the transition occurs at 800 psi which represents the bubble point for Oil A. Fig XX. Pressure vs. Volume Oil A Analysis was done on the relationship between…

1-[Cyano(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]cycloalkanol (VF-I) synthesized through the reaction of p-methoxyphenylacetonitrile and cyclohexanone using aq. NaOH and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as PTC. NaBH4 and CoCl2 in 2:1 THF: H2O used for the reduction of VF-I to obtain 1-(2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cyclohexanol (VF-II). Further, venlafaxine derivative of the amino acid -carboxamide (VFCA-I toVII ) synthesized through coupling of N-Phthaloyl amino acid chloride derivative (2a-2g-…

The instrumentation of a HPLC apparatus is as shown in the diagram above. A HPLC apparatus is including a solvent reservoir, degasser, pump, injector, HPLC column, detector and data collection device. Solvent reservoir The solvent reservoir is usually a glassware or reagent bottle which contained the analytic sample. It is located at the upper part of the HPLC. It is also known as mobile phase reservoir since the sample will be moved. The flowing of the sample is depends on gravitational…