Chemical polarity

into a paintball size. Another machine injects the right amount of paint for each paintball. The paint dries causing the paintball to close completely. The paintballs must be cooled in order to have an impact when fired. Paintballs that are not hardened by cooling could explode in the barrel of the paintball gun.(How Paintball Is Made). The paintballs or markers are cooled in a cool room. This get the warm moist paintball cooled for hardening purposes. When not hardened correctly, many problems can occur and can cause injury to the players. All paintballs work with different pump guns and air pumps. The markers are manufactured the same way. Paintballs are soluble with polarity and hydrogen bonding.The text states “Water is a polar substance that has distinct regions of positive and negative charge. Water’s polarity is due to the differences in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen. Electronegativity, as defined by the late American chemist Linus Pauling, is “the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.” (Murray 5).Water is a polar molecule. The oxygen atom attracts more electrons than hydrogen because of the difference in electronegativities.The oxygen having a partial negative and hydrogen having a partial positive due to the difference in electronegativities would form intermolecular force. With other polar molecules attracted to their opposite charge. This attraction would create a hydrogen bond because hydrogen already bonded to oxygen…

At first glance, all the substances may have been considered to be similar, as they are all white substances that are generally fine powder or small crystals. However, the lab revealed substances C: citric acid, D: sucrose, and H: benzoic acid to be covalent compounds, while the remaining substances to be all ionic. The previously stated covalent compounds all were found to have low relative melting points when heating them on a hot plate, but they had mixed results to their solubilities:…

material was weighted using analytical balances melted with mel temp. Discussion: Compounds tend to dissolve in solutions that have similar polarities to themselves. The three solids, Benzoic acid, Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, and 9-Fluorenone were all soluble in polar diethyl ether because they have similar polarities. Diethyl ether has an uneven distribution of electrons spread across the molecule, making it slightly polar. The polarity of diethyl ether makes the other molecules that have an…

react with NaOH, NaCl, or AgNO3, all ionic substances. The red dye does not react with NaOH since there was no color change when added, and the conductivity simple rose as the NaOH was added, due to the fact the excess ions were being added to the solution and not reaction at all. There was no color change when NaCl or AgNO3 was added to red dye 1, suggesting that it also did not react with either of those ionic substances. Now, since there was scattering when a laser was shown through the…

The process of synthesizing a drug is very hard to completely control but can be managed through the use of several organic chemistry principles. Chemical synthesis can be sped up by using catalysts to reduce the activation energy required to break and reform the bonds of molecules. Pseudoephedrine is a great example to show how factors such as polarity, functional groups and bonding sites can be used to increase the performance of a drug as well as reducing the amount of side effects. During…

on Earth. Understanding the fundamental characteristics of water is important for both scientific and practical reasons. Hence, this paper deals the origin of the water on Earth, molecular characteristics of water and chemical bonds, influences of temperature, conductivity and salinity, and water cycle and constituents. There are multiple theories about the origin of water on Earth, and all the theories suggest that the water come from outer space. The universe with all its extension has some…

This study, which is about solvents effects has taken long time to understand, therefore a lot more work need to be done to capture all of the important phenomena in reactive intermediate behavior. Moreover, solvent effect has been treated by different kind of linear free energy relationship. The common models solvents are: implicit models that solvent represented by some dielectric continuum that polarizes in response to the solute polarity. Explicit model that represented individual solvent…

helps us to name the characteristics. Boiling point defined as the “temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is the same as the pressure of the atmosphere on the liquid surface”. (Mahaffy, P, Bucat, B, Tasker, R, Kotz, J, Treichel, P, Weaver, G, McMurry, J 2011). The boiling point 1-hexanol, 2-hexanone, 1-pentanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are represented in the chart above as they are approximately; 157ºC, 127.6ºC , between 137 to 139ºC and 131.1ºC respectively. The difference in the…

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. It involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first…

The solubility rules were used to determine which reactant was aqueous and which one was a solid. The solid is the precipitate formed in the reaction. The formation of the precipitate indicates that a chemical reaction occurred. If no precipitate formed the reaction would be labeled with DNR, which stands for does not react. The solubility rules states which elements are soluble or insoluble, including the exceptions for each rule. For example at station one, barium chloride reacted with silver…