Quantum cryptography

Wason Selection tasks What if there are 4 cards on the table: A, K, 2 and 7. On one side of the card there is a number and on the other a letter. You have to decide which cards to turn in order to determine if the following statement is false: If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side. This is called the Wason Selection task a famous reasoning puzzle (Dawson, Gilovich, Regan, 2002). The answer to this problem is cards A and 7 instead of the most commonly…

In an age of industrial progress and communication mechanisms emerging, the enigma was invented just after World War I. Though Germany believed their machine was "unbreakable", the efforts to find a flaw in their system were ultimately successful. With the state-of-the-art technology and ingenuity of the inventors, the enigma had the potential to give Germany extreme advantages during World War II, but simple mistakes cost the country their machine's success as well as their success in the war.…

Password strength Password complexity policies are designed to deter brute force attacks by increasing the number of possible passwords. When password complexity policy is enforced, new passwords must meet the following guidelines: • The password does not contain a dictionary word or the account name of the user or company. • The password is at least eight (8) characters long and can be up to 128 characters long. • The password contains characters from three of the following four categories: o…

Title: Brute-forcing a Password Topic: The experiment will be used to determine the effectivity of several lengths and arrangements of encryptions. Introduction: In this age of revolutionary technologies, our lives are essentially saved to the Internet and upon electronic devices. Our most personal informations and even our secrets are preserved in a digital format on various hard drives and storages across the globe. These devices, if not properly secured, are accessible to practically…

protocol. Ans: 1. Initialization Vector (IV) is too small and is plain text: IV is the 24 bit field sent as plain text portion of the message. It used by RC4 algorithm to initialize the algorithm, which is comparatively small field in terms of cryptography. 2. IV makes the key stream vulnerable: The 802.11 does not specify how the IVs are set or changed, so some Wireless adapter might generate same IV sequence which is hazardous as attacker can take advantage of this thus making WEP vulnerable…

is a software-based protocol that provides a way to locate files, devices or even individual in a network. LDAP uses port 389 and is uses by Microsoft as the main protocol that opens up this type of access. LDAP is lightweight which indicates a smaller version with a smaller code and it is part of X.500. The latter acts as a standard for network directory services. /*************************** Kerberos authentication protocol that establishes a trusted connection between hosts in the untrusted…

The Enigma of the 20th Century “Send the U-Boat to (51° 15' 43", -6° 45' 4"); attack at 15:00.” This could have been a message that was ciphered using a secret code during times of war. Cryptography, the study of securely coding messages, has been around for thousands of years (The Enigma Machine Explained). It started out with pencil-and-paper codes, made of substituting letters for each other in the alphabet. Then, there were more geometric codes, relying on using grids to write out messages…

What defines a code is, a system of words, letters, figures or symbols used to replicate a realistic message, which can convey meaning/clues to people. They are generally used for secrecy. Codes function by exchanging given words, letters, figures or symbols into the realistic language that everyone is familiar with. Rather, simultaneously cracking gibberish codes until it reveals a somewhat revealing message. Innumerable codes have been introduced to the world, yet only a few have stood out,…

Introduction RSA is a type of cryptography that is use for encrypting and decrypting of messages. It was created by Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. Adleman in the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) is named after the three inventors. RSA is still widely used for securing the confidentiality and authenticity of an e-mail. It is also use to secure communication through the internet. It is particularly useful when conducting e-commerce.…

Cryptography claims its roots from the latin root of kryptos, which means hidden secret, and graphein, which means writing. According to Dictionary.com, "Cryptography is the science or study of techniques of secret writing and message hiding." In today 's fast paced and tech savvy world, it isn 't strange to have at least a fleeting knowledge of cryptology and encryption specifically but this relatively young science and field of engineering has very deep roots. The generally agreed upon…