Mycobacterium

1. One of the main topics could be the drug resistance mechanisms of bacteria. 2. First, spontaneous mutation which changes the drug target or upregulate drug efflux. Second, Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) that the genes in bacteria acquire to become resistant. HGT can cause multidrug resistance in a genetic event which make the bacteria become resistance. Third, the ability of bacteria that they can form biofilm while they are being infected. The bacteria provide themselves protection to…

simply that easy. Tuberculosis is an airborne contracted disease and in the 18th and 19th centuries, the infectious disease ran rampant throughout Europe and North America. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium…

strain tice) sold under the name OncoTICE. “BCG is considered “gold standard” and mainstay for treating bladder cancer that has not invaded muscle tissue" as well as functioning as a tuberculosis vaccine. “BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed from the Mycobacterium bovis strain. The precise mechanism of action has not been clearly determined; however, the pronounced infiltration of the bladder wall by…

Mtb is classified as a Gram-positive bacteria, and is one of the few bacteria that can be cultured in the laboratory5. Its cell surface is partly composed of various virulence lipids, such as phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) and phenolic glycolipids (PGLs). and mycolic acid3. Mtb, like many other bacteria, is capable of sensing and responding to their surrounding environment. It does so via the use of two-component systems, one of which is called PhoPR two-component system6. In order for Mtb…

Current vaccination for prevention of tuberculosis is limited to the bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. It has prevented a large number of potential TB deaths each year, yet remains controversial due to its highly variable protection against pulmonary disease. The BCG vaccine has been administered since 1921 and after years of use in countries with high TB rates, its effectiveness at eradicating TB as a public health problem has been suboptimal [1]. While BCG vaccination in infants has been…

In the disease, tuberculosis, the mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes the harmful effects in tuberculosis. The bacterium spreads throughout the body through methods similar to protein synthesis. However, certain antibiotics such as, streptomycin, help prevent and cure cases…

Mycobacterium (genus) Tuberculosis (species) is a bacteria that causes the disease tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an acute or chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. It is contagious and easily spread through the air from person to person therefore requiring airborne precautions. If someone with TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, the bacteria will spread throughout the air and inhaled by other people. People may have either a latent TB infection or TB disease. Latent TB is when the bacteria…

Over many decades, there has always been a question about this. However, the disease’s isolation policy of the past has been based on the lack of knowledge by the general public on its transmission. The stigma around the disease has not helped the massive discrimination towards infected individuals. This discrimination comes in segregation of those infected in quarantined communities. However, this separation is unnecessary because leprosy is not highly contagious. Because of this, people with…

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Student's Name Institution Affiliation Course Tuberculosis Causes: Tuberculosis (TB) is a caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacteria that is spread through the air. TB affects the breathing system (lungs). When an infected person emits air droplets, for example, through coughing or sneezing, the bacteria are transmitted into the air that affects anyone who breathes that air. According to Wouk, there are two types of TB, Latent and Active…

theft of life, the germ of death itself. When a person was diagnosed with tuberculosis it was like a death sentence. Its cause was unknown until in 1882 German physician and scientist Robert Koch discovered the bacterium that causes the disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This discovery has contributed to many other important events across multiple scientific disciplines. It is what lead him to receive the Nobel Prize and is the reason we are all here today. One of the most important…