Natural killer cell

NK-cells (natural killers) represent a heterogeneous lymphocytes population of innate immune system. They have a natural cytolytic activity, are capable of producing cytokines and chemokines and are involved in the antiviral and antitumor body control. In the quiescent state, an average diameter of NK-cell is about 8.7 microns, while in the moment of its activation it may increase its size up to 10-12 microns (Ferlazzo et al., 2004). This feature was the reason for the initial determination of NK-cells as large granular lymphocytes. NK-cells contain azurophilic granules, which include perforin, granzymes, and other components, with which they carry out contact cytolysis. At different stages of its development, NK-cells express the receptors and a plurality of surface markers that are typical for the cells of myeloid and lymphoid origin, forming a heterogeneous mixture of different subpopulations. NK-cells are widely distributed in the body: they are found in the spleen, liver, peripheral blood, where they number can be up to 9 billion (or 5-20% of the lymphocytes), in a small amount in the lymph nodes and in decidual endometrium.…

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate immune system and represent a first line of defense against pathogens and tumor cells. Involved in immune surveillance, NK cells patrol the body looking for infected or cancerous cells. While other immune cells recognize the presence of antibodies on the MHC receptor of infected cells before a response is initiated, NK cells have the ability to respond to stressed cells in the absence of the MHC receptor, allowing a much faster immune…

BCG makes initial contact with tumor cells by means of a fibronectin attachment protein, followed by internalization of the BCG in the cells directing a cell-mediated immunologic response. It has been found in recent studies to be a predominantly T-helper/inducer cell-mediated response with persistence of inflammatory cytokines (Th1-type) for a long time within the BCG- induced granulomas, which maybe be key factor in the recurrence-free state of the patient. The prolonged inflammation results…

One of the things I wanted to do was to conduct scientific research because of my interest in the science behind medicine; fortunately, I was able to do that the summer of my freshman year. As part of the Vanderbilt Minority Summer Research Program, I investigated the migration patterns of natural killer cells to ultimately discover ways one could direct natural killer cells to specific regions of the human body. Conducting research furthered my curiosity in medicine; I greatly enjoyed reading…

(2012) examined a study in which bereaved participants, with a high amount of grief, had more reduced immune responsiveness than individuals with significantly lower grief levels. In this assessment, it was reported that during the initial weeks of bereavement the participants had increased circulation of neutrophils and macrophages, but no changes to lymphocyte and natural killer cells (Buckley et al., 2012). Furthermore, subsequent assessments reported that in the following months,…

Stem Cell research has been advancing a lot in recent years and there have been many discoveries that have aided in furthering the research about cancer and how to cure it. They are the next big breakthrough in science and show a promising future. With enough time and research, scientists will be able to utilize stem cells in a way that will be beneficial to cancer patients. Cancer is known as a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth that has the potential to spread or invade to other…

It is better to put faith in God rather than one 's self and that is evident by Proverbs 3:5-6: “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight”. In the book The Shack by William Young, it showed what it meant to believe or hope in something and that it may not come true til you put God in your heart along with faith. The main character in the book, Mack, lost his young daughter and although he…

So far in “the killers” our friends george, nick and sam have found themselves in the middle of an odd conspiracy, the murder of ole anderson a member of their town. Though the intention is unclear, they were held at gunpoint for what was an hour. Luckily, no casualties had been met after this standoff. But our friends had a decision of telling ole anderson about the attempt on his life, or like sam suggested stay as far away from it as possible. Nick following george's advice decides to head…

HUMAN CLONING: PROS AND CONS OF REPRODUCTIVE CLONING Cloning is the process of creating identical cells, genes, organs or even organisms through asexual reproduction. It has been a common practice of mankind for a long time. It has becomes the debatable issue since it was used to clone animals around 40-50 years ago. Human cloning has created an offense toward ethical issue of human right. According to Yadav and Sharma (2011), the person who promoted human cloning must convince others and show…

EXECUTION DAY presents as a dramatic crime thriller. The story centers on a detective who tracks down a serial killer. Because there have been so many of these types of films, to stand out the script needs to offer the genre something new. The script attempts to do this with the idea of the protagonist planting evidence. There’s definite merit to the idea of a police detective being so frustrated by a case that they “help” with the evidence. It’s a nice set up for conflict and tension, as well…