Interferon

Delayed viral clearance at the mucosal infected sites of the Ifnar−/− mice. We tested whether type I interferon pathways play a role in the MmuPV1 infection using Ifnar-/- mice. No cutaneous diseases were found in these animals (data not shown). The virus persisted at mucosal sites up to week 12 (Fig. 4A, B) while the viral DNA usually became undetected by week 4 post infection in the wild type animals (data not shown). These findings suggest that interferon pathways play a role in the viral clearance in our mouse…

BCG makes initial contact with tumor cells by means of a fibronectin attachment protein, followed by internalization of the BCG in the cells directing a cell-mediated immunologic response. It has been found in recent studies to be a predominantly T-helper/inducer cell-mediated response with persistence of inflammatory cytokines (Th1-type) for a long time within the BCG- induced granulomas, which maybe be key factor in the recurrence-free state of the patient. The prolonged inflammation results…

Influenza Virus The flu is one of the most common diseases in the world. The cause of it is the influenza “flu” virus. The viruses’ structure plays a big part in how it spreads. It affects systems in the body and causes them to malfunction. When the systems malfunction, it causes flu-related symptoms. The flu is often confused with the common cold, but it’s much more deadly and, in some cases, can even be fatal. The influenza virus affects the respiratory, immune, and digestive systems. The…

pathologies that some autistic people suffer from. Could this study possible add to the list of ways to treat autism? Since autism is so individualized to each person suffering from the disorder, I feel that this study could open new doors in the treatment of the social aspects of autism disorder. I could hypothesize that it’s a possibility that we could focus less on psychological treatment and focus more on the molecular and pathophysiology aspect of the disorder. Obviously, early intensive…

cells) that destroy pathogens. They are both the first ones to do their duties: Macrophages are the first to raise the alarm of an infection. Neutrophils are the first effector cells to be called to an infection tissue by macrophages. Differences: Macrophages are long lived, live in the tissue, and are the first to alert the other cells regarding an infection. Bigger in size. Neutrophils are short lived, circulate in the blood and wait for macrophages to call to a site of infection. Smaller in…

Aicardi-Gutieres syndrome (AGS) was first described in 1984 as a familial progressive encephalopathy, and has since been reported in several cases from various ethnic backgrounds (3). The condition is considered a Mendelian mimic of congenital TORCH infection, and is characterized by spasticity, dystonia, delayed psychomotor development, chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis, and leukodystrophy. Microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly and cortical blindness can be seen in severe cases.…

Echinacea works by stimulating the immune system. Whereby antibiotics destroy both good and harmful bacteria Echinacea enables your body to deal with infections and viruses as they happen. Studies show that Echinacea stimulates phagocytosis, a process where white blood cells travel around the body hunting and attacking harmful micro organisms releasing chemicals and digesting them. White blood cells are a major component of the body's inbuilt quick response immune system. Echinacea increases the…

The innate responses induce many proinflammatory factors which serve as an antiviral immune such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma (3). Latent Infection of Epstein-Barr virus induces secretion of several inflammatory factors, meanwhile lytic infections avoid the antiviral inflammatory response. Furthermore, it has been proposed that lytic proteins of herpesviruses a key role in avoiding host immune responses, including disruption of interferon signaling. For example,…

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA positive virus. HCV causes both acute and chronic hepatitis C, which can lead to liver disease. HCV infects 130 to 150 million people worldwide. HCV is spread by blood transfusions [1]. Unfortunately, no vaccine for HCV is available because of the fact that the HCV life cycle has not been reproduced in cell culture, which resulted in slowing research progress of this human virus [2]. On the other hand, 15-20% of chronic hepatitis C patients achieve a sustained…

immunohistochemistry and an ultrasensitive assay as there have been a large number of false negative findings associated with BRAF testing of ECD patients. However, definite diagnosis of ECD is established only once CD68(+), CD1a(−) histiocytes are identified within a biopsy specimen. To date, there is no "cure" for ECD, although more effective treatments are being discovered. The best treatments available today control and sometimes shrink the growths associated with the disease. Many of these…