Interferon

CELLS The immune system is a complex network of cells and chemicals. It's mission is to protect us against foreign organisms and substances. The cells in the immune system have the ability to recognize something as either "self" or "invader" and they try to get rid of anything that is an invader many different kind of cells , and hundreds of different chemicals , must be coordinated for the immune system to function smoothly. Recent scientific advances in human stem cell research have…

These antimicrobial substances are called interferons. They are responsible for interceding viral replication. The virus cannot replicate itself due to the binding of interferon on the cell surface. The complement system is another factor in the immune process for the body. This system is composed of 20 large proteins that are produced in the liver. They help…

In a healthy individual, the bloodstream remains sterile – free of any pathogens. The immune system, which is responsible for defending the body against pathogens, is a very complex and vital body system. The immune system involves both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity functions as the “first responder” system of the body. The skin, the mucous membranes are the first line of defense in innate immunity. The skin and mucous membranes serve to prevent microbes from…

infection. CD4+ T cells also produce a group of cytokines, which respectively, trigger an abundance of immune responses. T cell differentiation Originally, Mosmann et al., 1986 reported that CD4 T cells can be subdivided into those that produce interferon gamma (IFN-ϒ) and those that produce interleukin 4 (IL-4). Currently, CD4 T cells are recognized as a cell population with a variety of functions. Two subsets of CD4+ T cells that are recognized individually are…

abnormal cell and releasing destructive enzymes. NK cells also can manufacture cytokines, which are used in both acquired and innate immunity. One form of cytokine is interferon, which can “interfere with the reproduction of viruses” (Delves, “Innate”). Interferon works by calling macrophages and NK cells to attack infected cells. Interferons also spread to cells and stimulate the production of defensive proteins to protect healthy cells from infection. Another form of defensive protein is…

The Microbe Hepatitis B virus belongs to a group called, Hepadnaviridae which consists of diseases that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and affect the liver. Hepatitis B is a virus therefore; hepatitis B requires a living host to replicate viral particles. Hepatitis B consists of a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and a lipid envelope. The hepatitis B virus contains a partially double-stranded DNA within the nucleic acid core because one of the full-length strands is linked to the viral…

of immunoglobulins. There is limited data regarding expression of a whole immunoglobulin G. Dimeric scFV-Fc antibodies in P. pastoris attained expression levels of 10-30mg/L. YEAST EXPRESSION SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INTERFERON Plasmid containing cDNA of human interferon gamma is kept under the control of 3-phosphoglycerte kinase promoter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The amount of of expression was greater under PGK promoter than just the IFN-γ mRNA. 25 x 10 (6) units per…

When external antigen causes disease by infection, cell-mediated immune response in our body acts as basal defense system against exogenous pathogen. Native and adoptive immune system has established to attack infected cell by recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There are two major lymphocytes related to killing effect called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.[1], CTLs and NK cells recognize peptide epitope present on MHC class I to find infected cell.…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a very painful disease to people who are diagnosed with this disease. Diagnosis’ for MS can either be an MRI which shows the brain, spinal cord, or other areas in an image. A CSF diagnosis is a liquid that is colorless in which bathes your brain and spinal cord which is being a shock absorber. Also, the EP diagnosis where it measures the electrical activity of the brain in response to stimulation from specific sensory nerve pathways. The immune system, responsible for…

attacks includes corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation. Medications for depression, sexual dysfunction and bladder and bowel control may also be prescribed. Medications administered by injection subcutaneously or intramuscularly are Beta interferons for relapsing-remitting and would be taken every other day to once a week. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) a subcutaneous drug for relapsing-remitting would be taken daily. Oral Medications such Teriflunomide (Aubagio): Fingolimod (Gilenya)…