Interferon

A seventeen-year-old girl presents with painful ulcerated lesions on her inner labia. Her boyfriend is with her; they tell you that they have been each other's only sexual partners. What would your care of this couple include? According to Roett, Mayor, and Uduhiri (2012), herpes simplex virus infection and syphilis are the most common causes of genital ulcers in the United States. Although other infectious such as chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale (donovanosis), secondary…

Introduction Hepatitis is a condition of the liver inflammation that may be caused by bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood. Hepatitis viruses, which can be sexually transmitted, represent a heterogeneous group of genetically unrelated viruses that target the hepatocytes (liver cells), causing hepatitis. The hepatitis viruses are remarkably different in their physical structure pathology, and epidemiology. And although…

and its specificity and activity have been enhanced. In Hepatitis C virus, Sofosbuvir is a highly potent inhibitor of the NS5B polymerase. Bräu (2005) has argued that when this drug is combined with other drugs whether with or without pegylated interferon (PEG-INF), it showed a high efficacy. “Sofosbuvir, which is also known as Sovaldi, is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase which…

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood, the complex disease occurs when there is too many white blood cells present or cancer cells are in the bone marrow. Leukemia is a Greek word that is broken down into leuko which means white and haima meaning blood. Peter Cullen found incomprehensibly what was called “milky blood” early in 1811. In 1825, Alfred Velpeau discovered the symptoms of Leukemia and found pus in the blood of patients. During the 19th century, the disease was first named weisses blut…

The immune system is a highly integrated, diverse task force the body recruited with the sole mission of protection against invading forces of infection, pathogens and mutant cells. The immune system is always surveilling for the enemy through its ranks of innate immune cells which lack memory and specificity including, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes. These cells patrol and destroy anything suspicious whether they have seen it before or not and have the ability to alert higher…

and oral hydroxyurea while chronic lymphoblastic leukemia depends on the stage the cancer is on, it might require no treatment or it might need palliative care(Mckenna 2000). Other treatment of the different kinds of leukemia include radiation, interferon, antibodies and blood…

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a disease that causes Liver infection. It is estimated that over 240 million people in the world have the STD Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a big cause of death. Approximately 780,000 people die each year as a result of the Hepatitis B infection. 650,000 from liver cancer and cirrhosis due to their infection the other 130,000 die from acute Hepatitis B infection. There are two types of Hepatitis B. The two types of the STD are acute and chronic. Acute hepatitis B lasts…

The naked mole rat and the blind mole rat have developed unique anti-cancer mechanisms compared to other mammals. Mammals typically have several methods, such as inducing apoptosis, releasing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (bound to CDK complexes) which signal cells to stop within a stage of the cell cycle, and contact inhibition in which cells stop growing once they make contact with each other. These mole rats’ distinct mechanisms modify contact inhibition and apoptosis to achieve the…

The 1918 “Spanish flu” Pandemic was caused by an avian-like influenza virus that gained the ability for efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission and then spread globally, killing 20-50 millions. Fortunately, viruses with pandemic potential are rare occurrences and ongoing surveillance of human and avian viruses is being done globally in preparedness for an influenza pandemic. Vaccines and anti-viral drugs may be available, if needed and time permits. Both kinds of therapies have…

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes a disruption of the myelin sheath that insulates and protects nerve cells in the brain and spine. It is an abnormal response in the body in which the immune system’s T-cells pass from the bloodstream into the nervous system to attack the myelin sheath around nerve cells. Myelin sheath are essential to the body for the nervous system to function appropriately. They are a fatty white substance that encompass a nerve cell to form an…