Interferon

Multiple Sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease. This immune mediated process is directed towards the central nervous system. Through this process it causes the immune system to surround and attack the myelin around the nerve fibers in the body of the victim. Once this myelin has been stripped from the nerve endings, it is very hard for it to regenerate or repair itself. These attacks against the body interrupts and distorts nerve impulses traveling to the brain. MS is a common name for…

This medication is an immunosuppressant drug and administered subcutaneously. Betaseron in its generic form is called interferon beta-1b and is injected to skin subcutaneously once every 48 hours. Betaseron is a powder mixture mixed with a liquid before use. The unmixed mixture should be stored at room temperature away from heat and moisture. Once the solution has been mixed…

Summary Hepatitis B Cause Article (11) Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus that is spread through sexual contact or perinatal transmission (11). Adults with hepatitis b usually have it for a short time and then gets better, this is called acute hepatitis b (11). The virus can cause a long-term effect on individuals, called chronic hepatitis b (11). Having sex with an infected individual without the use of condoms is one way of being infected with hepatitis b, sharing needles with…

If interferon gamma levels are too low, viral resistance is low making the individual more vulnerable to developing infections; and if the body produces too many cytokines, this can also result in tissue damage weakening the body’s ability to defend pathogens…

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA…

Introduction: Herpes Labialis, also known as the cold sore, is characterized by painful clusters of clear blisters on or around the mouth, and is often accompanied with fever. The disease is usually caused by the virus HSV-1, or herpes simplex type 1, but can also be caused by HSV-2. In a previous study, it was found that 67.6% of Americans possessed antibodies for HSV-1, establishing HSV-1 as an exceptionally prevalent virus even in developed countries 9. The virus is spread through skin to…

chemical signal is called chemotaxis. The neutrophil is also known as the white blood cells that respond to these sorts of situations. Chemical defense that we have are interferons, which are proteins that secreted by virally infected cells that bond to healthy cells and prevent the virus from bonding. Basically, the name interferons it is a protein that interferes with viral replications. In addition, tot interferes there is complement proteins, which will punch holes in the infected cells and…

Schlafen (Slfn) genes are a subclass of interferon-stimulated early response genes (ISGs) that are also generated directly by pathogens through the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathways. Still, many ISGs are of unidentified or incompletely understood function. Jones, Landry, Pan & Weitzman (2013) said that new antiviral instrument within the…

Pustular Psoriasis A pustular psoriasis is a rare form of psoriasis. It appears as a fine, clear raised bumps that are filled with a white and thick fluid which composed of white blood cells, called pus. The skin around these bumps and under these bumps is red. While yellow fluid is a common sign of infection, but there is no clear demonstration that this infection plays its role in pustular psoriasis. It is not contagious nor infection. It consists of widespread pustules (Pus) on an…

Interferons are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The researchers suggested that using dsRNAs of longer than 30 base pairs would trigger these interferon responses. They found that cleaved dsRNAs of less than 30 base pairs would not activate these antiviral immune responses because…