Interferon

A pathogen causes a disease only if it can (1) gain entry, either by penetrating the surface of the skin or by entering through some other portal of entry; (2) attach itself to a host cell and (3) evade the body’s defense mechanisms long enough to produce harmful changes. In this research paper, I will discuss the differences between innate and adaptive immunity along with the chemical and physical factors that are involve in these immunities. It is easy to cluster the structures, cells, and…

Introduction The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues and molecules that protect our body from toxins and microbes in the environment. It serves as our defense against molecules that our body does not recognize as its own. This system contains two divisions: the innate immune system and adaptive immune system. Both systems differ in the types of cells produced and the time and length in mounting a response. Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease including…

Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The progress to fibrosis (scanning), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but out infection, toxic substances (alcohol, certain drugs) and auto immune diseases can also cause hepatitis. There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as type A, B, C, D, and E. These 5 are of…

The interferons and proteins are said to be involved in preventing a virus from duplicating. Apropos, its was found to have a higher expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex or MHC class II molecules, which interact with immune cells in order to initiate…

10,000 years! That’s the time prehistoric farmers have been domesticating crops. Can you believe that? That unfortunately opened the door to genetic engineering in farming. Genetic engineering in general has been going on for ages. The process of altering DNA in an organism genome, is known as genetic engineering. In a more accessible understanding it is known for changing DNA in an organism’s chromosomes. It can be used variously in the field of science and engineering. For instance, in…

time, because people didn’t know about the subject as we do nowadays. Two days before the assignment, I started taking Harvoni, a new medication that can cure Hep C. All the memories and feelings about my past came anew. I had treatment before with interferon, in 1994, which is a medication with a lot of side effects, and moreover, it didn’t work for me. Harvoni is milder, yet, side effects are headaches, foggy brain, depression, dizziness and other symptoms especially the first two…

Melanoma is a type of cancer that is considered one among the most dangerous. Melanoma traces are usually found over the skin, but rarely it can even be found in the eye or even in the internal organs. The main cause of Melanoma is the direct exposure to the ultraviolent (UV) rays. Reducing tanning from sun or from tanning lamps can curtail the chance from Melanoma. For past decades, recovery from Melanoma was a nightmare. But later, as science and technology improved, many drugs were introduced…

Malignant melanoma is a form of skin cancer that forms in melanocyte cells in the basal layer of the epidermis which produce melanin that gives human their skin, hair, and eye color. Malignant melanoma grows malignant tumors due to DNA damage to the skin cells probable to UV radiation that causes mutations and sets off skin cells to multiply rapidly and form these malignant tumors. Melanomas are closely similar to moles making it difficult for a person to distinguish from a normal mole to a…

Diseases affect both human and animal populations. The epidemic is worse in a wildlife case scenario. This is because the animals are scattered in the wild. It is hard to account for the infected animals. Furthermore, it is even harder to avail treatment to the infected animals. Wildlife is very important to our ecosystem. Besides, they are a tourist attraction. Therefore, wildlife must be protected from extinction. Australia continent is very famous for koalas. Koalas are very…

Ebola virus disease EVD or “Ebola” is a severe human and non-human primate disease caused by Ebola viruses. These viruses belongs to the family: Filoviridae, Genus: Ebolavirus, Species: Tai forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Reston ebolavirus (RESTV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Bundibugy ebolavirus (BOBV) (Bukreyev et al., 2014). Zaire ebolavirus or simply Ebola virus (EBOV) is the most virulent of the genus and accounts for the highest numbers of outbreaks. The virus spreads by…