Myelin

Myelin is imperative for the functioning of adequate conduction velocity speed in axons. Myelin is made of water, lipids and proteins and appears white in color. This combination of lipids and proteins form a whitish protective cover or sheath over the axon of numerous nerve fibers. This sheath covering the axon speeds up the impulses that are being conducted, which is important in the transmission of impulses in our body. Without myelin speeding up conduction, the impulses would decelerate. When this happens neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis arise. Myelin works by insulating our nerves axons and building “specialized molecular structures at small, uncovered gaps in the sheath, which are referred to as the nodes of Ranvier.…

Part Two: Diagnosis and Treatment 7. What is myelin and how does it affect the transmission of nerve impulses? Identify the cells responsible for the formation of myelin. Covering some axons is a multilayered lipid and protein called myelin sheath, this helps to insulate the axon and speed up nerve impulses. (Tortora pg. 407) An axon that is surrounded by myelin sheath, whether in the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is said to be “myelinated”, while the bare…

weakness, along with gabapentin and amitriplyine, which improved his neuropathic pain. Discussion: A current theory of the mechanism of Guillain-Barré syndrome development is through molecular mimicry between a pathogen and glycolipids on nerve cells, specifically found on Schwann cells, myelin, and axons, with the clinical subtypes of GBS differentiated by their antigen specificities2. One of the most commonly associated infections with GBS is a gastrointestinal illness caused by C. jejuni,…

A Glial Cell is a non-neuronal cell that maintains homeostasis from myelin and it also provides support and it provides protection from neurons in the central nervous system. Glial cells also provide support and protection for neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Glial cells are known as being in large quantities in the central nervous system. Glial cells are very different form nerve cells. They differ in the way that they do not participate in synaptic interactions and electrical…

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can be caused by multiple different traumas, surgical complications and diseases like diabetic neuropathy or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Patients are left with chronic pain and disability of the innervated area. Facial nerve injury is one example of PNI. Facial nerve paralysis results in unilateral facial weakness, loss of function and difficulty to speak (1, 2). Speech, mastication and expression of emotions are based on the ability to move facial musculature, which…

soldiers do for our country. In order to join the military there are many qualifications that one must meet. Written and physical tests are used to assess recruits. As of right now, men and women have different scores that must be met. If it was changed where men and women have to meet the same requirements, there would be no reason for anyone to believe women could not do what men could. Even right now some men do not meet their requirements and some women score higher than the man…

information and therefore the conscious perception of light for the dog could be hindered or absent for this reason. This could be the explanation of blindness in the left eye of this dog. The fatty mass was infiltrating into the optic nerves and damage to optic nerves produce monocular visual field defects, another possible cause for the clinical presentation. [3] Oligodendrocytes: Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell. Glial cells are one of the most common cells in the central nervous…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic autoimmune disorder that affects the nervous system. MS results from progressive demyelination of the white matter of the brain and spinal chord. Multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system by damaging the nerve cell’s myelin, a process known as demyelination. Multiple sclerosis causes scattered demyelinated lesions causing neurologic dysfunction. The myelin is a lipoprotein complex formed of glial cells. The primary functions of the axonal myelin are…

this process supposedly provides neurons with a fuel that can be broken down faster than glucose. This would explain astrocytes being located on the BBB capillaries. In addition, astrocytes store glycogen which can be broken down to glucose then into lactate. Also, astrocytes surround and isolate synapse thus controlling the release of neurotransmitters. That is, they govern the flow of chemicals necessary for communication between neurons. One can infer that astrocytes that surround the neurons…

the ankles. She also presents a bilateral extensor toe sign. Following the onset and the worsening of her symptoms she later showed impaired urinary bladder function, persistent balance problems accompanied by dizziness, became incontinent, and extremely fatigued. Further examinations such as a MRI were ordered to strengthen her possible diagnosis. The MRI revealed a white matter damage in the brain and the spinal cord—Multiple sclerosis. According to John P. J. Pinel, multiple sclerosis…