High performance liquid chromatography

purification of the protein under the guidance of Dr. Raquel Ruiz and involved expression tests at different concentrations of the inducing agent IPTG, large-scale growth of BL21-DE3 E. coli cells that over-express hS100A7, utilizing fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with immobilized metal ion affinity and size exclusion columns, and ultimately using the purified protein product in setting up crystallization screens. I was unable to obtain any crystals of hS100A7 due to the usage of the…

Part A Gas Chromatography What is it? Gas chromatography is a variation of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analysing components that can be vaporised without decomposition ("Gas Chromatography", 2016). This technique involves using a gas as the mobile phase. There are two types of gas chromatography: • Gas-solid chromatography – separates substances on the basis of their different strengths of adsorption on the solid • Gas-liquid chromatography – separates…

Risperidone (RIS), an atypical neuroleptic drug, reported to have fewer adverse effects than traditional agents, is effective in psychoses, such as schizophrenia, and other psychiatric illnesses in adults and children, including pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), autism, and attention-deficit disorder (ADD) [1–3]. It acts primarily by selective antagonism of dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2) receptors in the brain [4–6]. Apart from minor N-dealkylation, the major pathway of…

The researchers compared both biologically produced manganese oxides and chemically produced manganese oxides for the oxidation of diclofenac. Because biologically produced manganese oxides are known to have high specific surface areas and high catalytic reactivity, this substance offers higher rates of oxidation for diclofenac when compared to chemically produced manganese oxides.² If biologically produced manganese oxides prove to completely eliminate diclofenac from the water supply, the…

separate caffeine from tea granules are Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Counter Current Chromatography. In TLC, a slide of glass coated in a substance can act as the stationary phase, serving as a bed for the mobile phase to move along. Samples are applied at a certain height to be carried and separated. Using this method, a silica gel coated aluminum plate is placed in the confines of a glass jar. At the bottom of the jar lies the liquid solvent (mobile phase). The process is…

time-of-flight mass spectrometer, quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer and ion mobility spectrometer. In this project, we are focussed in the time-of-time mass spectrometer, because our sample has been analyzed by it. This kind of spectrometry is a high-resolution spectrometry, it means that it could sense deltas of m/z of 0.0005. So, it is used to accurate mass measurement.…

IV: Analytical applications I: What can be analyzed? At present, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography is very useful in this industries. And it has been used in the many fields. Pharmaceutical: It’s used in the drug industries to process the compound relate to the health and life as a vitamins, steroids, antibiotics, barbiturates, taxol, prostaglandins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, or etc. Moreover, it has been used for the achiral separations and purifications of substance in…

Gas chromatography (like any other chromatography) is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a gas. This technique is applied for the separation of volatile substances. This method separates a mixture into its components and is used to measure the concentration as well as it identifies the components. GC creates a time separation rather than physical separation which means that the components are separated in time. After they are detected, a chromatogram is generated. Each peak in…

TLC and HPTLC Introductions Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is derived from liquid chromatography where liquid serves as mobile phase and thin layer of substance on a flat late surface serves as stationary phase. The thin layer of materials act as sorbent while the mobile phase known as solvent. Solvent will send the solutes through the sorbent depends on the strength of the mobile phase as it dissolved the solute and send them up the plate against gravity ,and resistance of sorbent…

by a high-performance liquid chromatography pump (Agilent) at rates between 0.06 to 0.17 ml/min. The evaporator set at a temperature of 180C allowed to ensure water was in vapor form before entering the reactor. Furthermore, the transport of the water vapor and liquid organic feed was assisted by the nitrogen gas that flowed through the same pipe. The syringe pump used for the organic feed injection was automatically controlled by a computer program according to set values. Because of the high…