High performance liquid chromatography

2. Experimental 2.1. Materials and reagents Analytical grade bentazon was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and acetic acid were purchased from Merck and were analytical or HPLC grade. Methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the cross-linker and α,α′-Azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were purchased from Merck (Hohenbrunn, Germany). MAA was distilled under vacuum to remove the inhibitor prior to polymerization.…

Calculations for Dissolved Gas Analysis in Water Samples Using a GC Headspace Equilibration Technique, EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, RSKSOP-175, Rev.2, May 2004. 1.2 Light Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Samples via Headspace and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID), Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Laboratories, PA-DEP 3686, Rev.0, April 2012. 1.3 Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 14th edition (1992), McGraw Hill. 1.4 Gas…

Kapp, Maurer, Auwärter, Winkelmann, and Hermanns-Clausen (2011) describe a case of a 25-year-old male who developed jaundice and pruritus after ceasing to ingest Kratom. The patient had been using Kratom acquired “via the Internet (www.thai-kratom)” for two weeks (Kapp et al., 2011, para. 3). On the second day after having quit taking the Kratom powder the man began experiencing subjective fever and chills. Restlessness and insomnia was also reported by the patient, possibly signalling…

2.2. Methods 2.2.1. Preparation of econazole nitrate nanoparticles The econazole nanoparticles were prepared by nano-spray drying technique. Weighed amounts of econazole nitrate, carriers and stabilizers (table 1) were dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) followed by spraying through the Buchi® nano-spray dryer B-90 (Büchi Labortechnik, Switzerland). The nano-spray dryer was operated using inert loop B-295 system (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) operated using nitrogen gas with flow rate of…

2.7. Hippocampal mitochondrial function 2.7.1. Hippocampal mitochondrial isolation After MWM test was finished, all animals were sacrificed and hippocampal tissues were removed. These tissues were minced and homogenized with glass handheld homogenizer. Mitochondria were obtained from the rat's hippocampus by differential centrifugation [38]. In the first centrifugation (at 1500 g, 10 min at 4°C), all of the broken cell debris and nuclei were sedimented. Then the supernatant was centrifuged…

Glyphosate is a chemical which is widely used as a systemic herbicide in many of the most popular commercially available weed killers. Notably, perhaps the most popular and often used of these products is Monsanto’s Round Up which has become a staple of farming in the United States as well as many other countries over the past several decades. However, the overuse of glyphosate based herbicides has led to its decreased effectiveness and has forced many farmers to look elsewhere for weed…

The ΔglgC cyanobacteria will be transformed yet again to express an engineered new, small PSII antenna. In order to do this, plasmids pGDNG3/Cys(181/226)Ser and p613 will be co-transformed using the method described in the paper by Beckman et al. The method of using a vector containing an antibiotic (ampicillin) resistance gene will also be employed in this experiment. Ampicillin will then be added to the transformed bacteria in order to obtain the successfully transformed bacteria. By adding…

obtained from Merck Specialties Private Limited,Mumbai.Active pharmaceutical ingredients Decitabine were supplied by Spectrum Pharma Research Solutions, Hyderabad. [3]The formulation was purchased in a local market. Instrumentation The High performance liquid chromatography system consists of A suitable HPLC having a isocretic system equipped with auto rheodyneinjector , UV detector. Chromatographic conditions The chromatographic separation was performed on Develosil ODS HG-5 RP 150mm x 4.6mm…

I sat in the dim lit laboratory waiting for the computer monitor to display the chromatogram of the sample that I had injected into the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). I knew the peak chromatogram should come at the thirteenth minute, and if it did, the ophthalmic formulation which had become an axial part of my life over the past many months will have an added chance to become a drug product of the future. Or of course, I might just get a flat line or a confusing mix of…

1-pyrenehexanoic acid was used as the 5-carbon linker and fluorescent component of the target molecule "PYRET-5". This molecule was purchased pure along with the sugar Trehalose, the molecule to which the pyrene was to be attached. Other reactants and solvents include HATU, HBTU, N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), sodium azide, Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Diphenyl phosphoryl chloride and were bought pure or used as received. All reactions were run at room temperature (298.15 K) and standard…