Analytical chemistry

Paper Chromatography Paper Chromatography is an analytical method that is used to separate coloured chemicals substances, especially pigments. This is how paper chromatography is conducted: Materials Chromatography Paper (Can also be Coffee Filter) Large Beaker (max one litre) Paper Clips/Sellotape & Skewer Stick Water soluble black marker Water Procedure: Draw a ink dot with the marker on each one of the chromatography paper near the bottom end of the paper. Then stick or paper clip the papers onto a skewer stick, ready for use. Place water (acts as solvent) into the beaker making sure there is enough so that the spot on the papers can at least be partly submerged when placed in. Place the paper on the skewer stick into the beaker so that the skewer limits the paper from being completely…

1.0 REFERENCES 1.1 Sample Preparation and Calculations for Dissolved Gas Analysis in Water Samples Using a GC Headspace Equilibration Technique, EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, RSKSOP-175, Rev.2, May 2004. 1.2 Light Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Samples via Headspace and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID), Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Laboratories, PA-DEP 3686, Rev.0, April 2012. 1.3 Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 14th edition…

uptp 0.1% in mobile phase for better peak shape and up tp 0.5% acetic acid can be added to alleviate ion suppression caused by TFA. Column can also be heated for better peak shape. Mass spectromatric analysis of a separated protein is done using different methods such as MRM of signature peptide, MRM of intact protein, MS of intact protein etc. For each peptide or protein, specific combination of methods is used. 3. Internal Standard Strategy Internal standard (IS) is a structure analog of the…

Introduction: The main purpose of this experiment was to take the Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrum part of the “Analysis of US bills for cocaine using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry” lab and improve upon the gas chromatographic results. This would be done by finding a way to separate the peaks of cocaine and doxepin. The lab done previously showed the use of two different methods to obtain samples of cocaine and doxepin for spiked dollar bills. The two extraction methods were…

Observe Ligand-Protein Interaction using Gel Filtration Chromatography (Phenol Red Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin) Introduction: Serum albumin is often known as blood albumin, and is the most abundant protein in humans and other animal plasma. Serum albumin is also known as a carrier protein by non-specifically binding several biomolecules. It is essential for maintaining the osmotic pressure that is needed for body fluids distribution between body tissues and intravascular compartments.…

Light spectroscopy has become an incredibly useful tool in analyzing the structure and composition of compounds. Specifically, the principles of absorption, the process by which an electron absorbs radiation to excite from a lower energy state to a higher energy state, and fluorescence, the emission of photons when a material is subjected to radiation, allow for the identification and analysis of unknown concentrations of compounds.1 With that being said, the purpose of this experiment is to…

The aim of this experiment was to investigate which technique – out of gravimetric analysis and colourimetry – was the most appropriate and accurate method to practice when calculating the percentage yield of a reaction. When examining the data obtained from the investigation, there was evident that there were some trends in the results. For the three graphs showcasing the results for gravimetric analysis in task one and task two, there was no general pattern. This was due to the fact that in…

lower amounts of analyte can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy. In addition, the eluate can be directly introduced into the liquid chromatograph as it did not contain base or acid. 5. FORENSIC IMPACT Recently, analysis of hair for drugs has been expanded its application in forensic and clinical toxicology. Hair differs from other human materials as blood or urine because it covers a substantially longer detection window (months to years) enabling retrospective…

the dye absorption with maximum between 465 to 596 nm. This derived amount of absorption does not require dilution and can be used for both microassays and standard solutions. The analysis provides a linear response with concentrations of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) from 1 to 140 microliters. The reagent used was the combination of Bradford Reagent-Brilliant Blue G in phosphoric acid and methanol. The dye molecule is mostly deprotonated and converted on the process to a reddish colored species…

Introduction Water hardness is defined as the sum of the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in a water sample which is measured by amount of CaCO3. Typically, water hardness indicates the water quality, as hard water has greater concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and soft water has proportionally less concentrations of the aforementioned ions.1 Water that contains Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations above 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) is categorized as hard while soft water contains ion concentrations…