Analytical chemistry

compound with high reproducibility. The materials for constructing a HPLC column are inert to the analytes such as polished stainless steel, glass and PEEK polymers. There are mainly four types of columns used in HPLC which are high performance analytical column, preparation column, capillary column and…

Chromatography is a method of separation in which the components of a substance are separated and distributed between two phases, which are the mobile phases and stationary phase (1). There are multiple types of chromatograph, which includes paper chromatography, column chromatograph, retention chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography etc. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, but all are useful in getting separations of different components (8). Since many…

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Lab Abstract High performance liquid chromatography or HPLC is the process in which mixtures are physically separated according to their polarity. The lab conducted, the separation of dyes in grape Kool-Aid, demonstrated the concept. This was done to display how different alcohols and their concentrations have different polarities, in which ties into HPLC. The lab consists of testing Kool-Aid, water, and different concentrations of methanol and…

Male or female Sprague-Dawley rats (8–12 weeks old) were purchased from Damul Sciences (Daejeon-si, Korea). This study was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC, No: IACUC140047). Over the acclimatization period and during the study, the range of temperatures and humidity were recorded daily; ambient temperature was maintained in the 25 ± 1 °C range; humidity level was measured…

The chromatography was performed on an ACQUITY TM UPLC system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA). The UPLC system included quaternary solvent manager, a binary pump, degasser, autosampler with an injection loop of 10 μL and a column heater-cooler. The separation was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH TM C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d., 1.7 μm, Waters, USA) maintained at 40 °C. a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid and aqueous 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid…

The objectives of this lab where to determine the empirical formula of a hydrated copper (ll) sulfate sample, practice writing detailed observations in the laboratory and practice calculating mass percent composition. Before beginning taking measurements, read through the instructions below and make a neat table in which to record all the numerical data. Using tongs put a clean crucible on the hotplate. Heat the crucible for approximately 5 minutes. Turn off the hotplate. Carefully remove the…

Introduction The use of drugs of abuse has become an increasing problem throughout the world. Drugs of abuse range from anything to illegal drugs such as cocaine, misuse of prescriptions or even nicotine. Drugs of abuse are more than just harmful to a person’s health, they also have an impact the environment, including water treatment processes. The purpose of these experiments is to identify the compounds in aquatic samples from various places throughout the world. Verifying these compounds is…

Chromatography is a separation method used to help identify mixtures. One common form of chromatography is gas chromatography. This type of chromatography will usually use a gas as the mobile phase, and a liquid as the stationary phase (“Gas Chromatography”). A gas chromatograph is comprised of some vital components, which include: the carrier gas, flow controller, injector port, column, column oven, detector, and recorder (“Gas Chromatography”). The purpose of this lab was for an unknown…

Introduction Thin-layer chromatography, otherwise referred to as TLC, is a fast and inexpensive way to determine the amount of components in a solution or to identify an unknown compound. The principal behind TLC is when different compounds are placed on silica gel or alumina, (stationary phases) they will travel different distances when eluted with the proper solvent. According to ChemistryGuide, this is because the more polar compound has a stronger interaction with the silica gel due to its…

The human body produces various essential proteins that provide functionality in the biochemistry of our system. How individual molecules are separated or a mixture of molecules are separated can be dependant of their size. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), is the controlled separation technique that is based on the size of the particles in relation to the pore size (Barth and Saunders 2012). The separation process veers to be quick for large molecules and slower for smaller molecules. The…