RNA

Genetic disorders may affect millions of people every few seconds around the world, and it’s our job to understand how they work or occur in order to try and prevent them or cause them from getting worse. With how far research has come over the years, we now know how genetic disorders occur. They occur from something called mutations, which I am sure mostly everyone has heard about. Most people just don’t understand exactly how mutations work, occur, or how they cause millions of different…

express, and transmit genetic information. A nucleotide is an organic molecule having three components: one or more phosphate groups, a five carbon sugar, and a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. RNA. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone. 4. Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells both have DNA genetic material. They both are bounded by a…

Figure 22. Relative mRNA expression in INS-1E cells after different chemicals treatment. Cells were treated with DHT, TCS and TCC for 48 h before RNA extraction for activity determination. Expression levels of the AR, pdx1, GK and Ins2 were determined by RT-QPCR and mRNA expression levels were normalized with TFIIB (A-D). DMSO treated samples were considered as control. Control samples were set as one and results are shown as mean ± S.E.M of duplicate samples from three independent experiments.…

THE ROLE OF ELONGATION FACTORS IN GENE TRANSLATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. Professor Kinzy’s lab seeks to investigate the structure and function of G- protein in relation to it’s regulation and the post transcriptional processes associated with gene expression. The lab uses Translation Elongation apparatus found in yeast to investigate these processes. The components of these elongation factors are important targets for antibacterial and antifungal drugs such that improper expressions and…

The RNA World: The Implications and Problems it Presents Brandon Gutierrez Abstract The origin of life on Earth is a difficult topic to analyze with the limited data available in modern science. Many hypothesis have been suggested to explain how life may have arisen from an abiotic environment, but the topic is still far from fully understood. One generally accepted hypothesis to explain the origin of life involves an RNA world in which RNA was synthesized abiotically and carried out both the…

determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the cell’s transcriptional potential through DNA-methylation, chromatin modulation and non-coding RNAs related gene silencing. Epigenetics could give us clues to solve some long-standing mysteries that go beyond boundaries of genetics, such as cellular identity,…

There are millions of genes that are present in the human body. For the most part, genes are responsible for pairing DNA bases with the correct base, and directing the production of RNA molecules, which synthesizes proteins and regulates the expression of other genes, but when some genes are altered or manipulated during DNA replication, they can be very dangerous for the body, and can be possibly deadly. Some of the genes in our body that are mutated can play a positive role in the body in ways…

in existence since the -, “so-called big bang theory”. Genomes are the key to life because they are an organism’s complete set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is the source in which processes transcription takes place to form a ribonucleic acid (RNA) and is then translated into an amino acid, which is the essential building block of protein to life. For example, hemoglobin, the cells in our bone marrow, churn out a hundred trillion per second of hemoglobin, which is a red protein responsible…

and also its function. The expression must be controlled by some kind of regulation in the processes of transcription and translation. For example, in transcription, enhancer sequences provide binding sites for regulatory proteins that will affect RNA polymerase activity. On a related note, the size of proteins can be analyzed using SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel). This technique is useful since it denatures and coats each protein being tested with the same charge, using β-…

Electrophoresis Kendra Gibson November 17, 2015 A scientist drops DNA samples in small indentations at the end of a Jell-O-like gel. He turns on an electrical current at the other side of the gel. His anticipation grows as he watches the samples slowly move from one side to the other. He pulls out a ruler and makes some measurements. He steps back in surprise, for he had just identified the most feared serial killer in the world! He did this by using Gel Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis (the…