RNA

zebrafish 3) Dilute respectively for cell culture with DMEM C. Real-time RT-PCR 1) Treat the embryos with compounds for 3 h 2) Extract the RNA 3) Isolate the total RNA from ten treated embryos using an RNeasy Mini kit (QIAgen) 4) Then treat with DNase, 5) Using Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) Reverse Transcriptase (Promega) reverse-transcribe 2 μg of RNA. 6) Quantify the mRNA level using an Eppendorf Real-Time Cycler plus β-actin as a reference. The primer sequences were as follows:…

by Enfuvirtide e.g in HIV 3. Uncoating of virus:- Can be blocked by Amantadine e.g in Influenza A 4. Integration of the viral DNA into chromosomal DNA of the host cell: Can be blocked by Fomivisen e.g in Cytomegaloviruv. 5.Template production and RNA or DNA replication (Nucleic acid synthesis) . This Can be blocked by purine,pyrimidine analogs and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 6. mRNA transcription , processing and translation of mRNA to protein : blocked by Methisazone e.g in Variola 7.…

Carbohydrates are the molecular compounds that are made of three elements that include hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen (Baxter 10). The glucose and the sucrose are essential but are comparatively small molecules with RNA, DNA, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and ATP as other molecules. Carbohydrates are called the sugars in many cases, which provide a source of energy for the body cells, for instance, glucose and starch. The giant carbohydrates are building block, for instance, glycogen and cellulose.…

replication and explore its significance in the mechanisms that drive Lynch syndrome. In eukaryotes 3 DNA polymerases are used for Elongation; DNA polymerase α, DNA polymerase δ and DNA polymerase ε. DNA polymerase α acts as a primase and forms the RNA primer at the 3’ end of the template strand because DNA nucleotides cannot be added de novo- there…

The Uncontrollable Growth of Cancer Various risks factors can contribute to the development of cancer, but the cause of this rampant disease is uncontrolled cell growth. Cancerous cells divide without limit because of the production of the enzyme telomerase that speeds up the process of cell division. Cancer cells derive from mutation in genetic DNA, and becomes carcinogenic cells that renew themselves indefinitely. When this fatal continuous process occurs, it results in a tumor. Although…

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient to all forms of life and is required for building DNA, RNA and amino acids (Paytan, 2011). Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient in ecosystems, along with nitrogen, and therefore its abundance determines the amount of primary production that can occur within a system (Schindler, 1971). The two main types of phosphorus are inorganic phosphate minerals, such as calcium phosphate rock that is mined for fertilizer, and organic compounds containing phosphorus…

Title: Which Antibiotics Kill the Most Bacteria? Caroline Gorman April 2, 2016 HB bl. 6 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to determine which of five common antibiotics would kill the Rhodococcus rhodochrous bacteria. Hypothesis: Out of the five tested antibiotics, doxycycline will kill the most Rhodococcus rhodochrous because it is generally used to treat mild infections. This will be tested by spreading the bacteria on agar in a Petri dish and adding a small amount of each antibiotic…

Zombies, the mythical creatures that are the reanimated corpses of our fallen humans. Though many people believe that zombies are just a creation of fiction, the undead has risen and it is our job to cure or treat the problem at hand. This plague is being caused by Amylase Deficiency Condition, or ADC for short, this is caused by a gene mutation that restricts the production of pancreatic amylase to break down glucose in the body. As it stands now, their are two main methods to combat the zombie…

visible under the microscope. Functions- Regulation • Controls the cell’s activities • Controls cell reproduction Contains genetic material - DNA that makes up the genes and chromosome. The Ribosome: ~Made of dozens of different proteins as well as RNA, also found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. Ribosome are typically composed of two subunits: • Large subunit • Small subunit “ Free” Ribosome makes proteins that remain inside the cell, “Bound’’ Ribosome make proteins…

This was conducted on the second group of infected mice. Blood samples from the mice were taken each day. The blood was analyzed with another Surveyor assay to measure CCR5 gene disruption and then western blotting to compare HIV-1 viral RNA loads. A positive result that supports the hypothesis of the CCR5 ZFN-disruption would be bands on the Surveyor nuclease assay that travel further down the gel. This indicates that the mismatch was present and the nuclease correctly excised it from…