2. The element being described is Sodium its symbol is Na it has an atomic mass of 22.989769. It has an atomic number of 11. This element has 11 protons, 11 protons, and about 11 neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutron have a neutral charge. Electron shells are the outer parts of an atom containing the electrons. Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell. Valence electrons tell us whether an atom shares, transfers or receives electrons to become stable
3. Nucleic acids are organic molecule composed of nucleotides. The role of nucleic acids are to store, express, and transmit genetic information. A nucleotide is an organic molecule having three components: one or more phosphate groups, a five carbon sugar, and a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. RNA. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone.
4. Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells both have DNA genetic material. They both are bounded by a membrane. They both have ribosomes. They both have vesicles and vacuoles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and microtubules, prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotic cells are those of animals and plants. Prokaryotic cells are those of bacteria and archaea. Humans have eukaryotic cells. 5. For a cell to have selective permeability means that it allows the passage of some ions and molecules. This passage is done by different forms of transports. Diffusion is a way that substances can move directly across a membrane. It occurs when a substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. In facilitated diffusion a transport protein provides a passageway for a substance to diffuse across a membrane. Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are examples of passive transport. Passive transport is the transport of a substance that does not require energy. Whereas active transport requires energy and moves a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration of a transport protein. The energy required for active transport is ATP. Osmosis is the process in which water diffuses across a membrane from a hypotonic area to a hypertonic area. 6. Energy is the ability to do work. Different types of energy include kinetic energy which is the energy of motion. Potential energy is the form of energy that has potential for energy to be used in the future. Thermal or heat energy is the energy that is uses heat. Chemical energy is the energy caused by chemical reactions. Thermodynamics is the study of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. The second law of thermodynamics stat that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. 7. …show more content…
Fermentation is the breakdown of organic molecules to produce energy without any net oxidation of an organic molecule. The pathways pf breaking down glucose to lactate or ethanol are examples of fermentation. Although electrons are removed from an organic molecule such as glucose to make pyruvate and NADH, the electrons are donated back to an organic molecule in the production of lactate or ethanol. Therefore, there is not removal of electrons from an organic molecule. Compared with oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation produces far less ATP for two reasons. First, glucose is not oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. Second, the NADH made during glycolysis cannot be used to make more ATP. Overall, the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen yields 34 to 38 ATP molecules. By comparison, the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to lactate or ethanol yields only 2 ATP molecules. 8. Photosynthesis is the process that plants convert sun energy into chemical energy producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. There are two parts of photosynthesis oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. During oxygenic photosynthesis light energy from the sun transfers electrons from water (H2O) to carbon dioxide (CO2), this produced carbohydrates. The equation for this form of photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 12H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O. This process is very important for the life on earth because it produces the oxygen humans need to breathe. This process of photosynthesis takes place in the
3. Nucleic acids are organic molecule composed of nucleotides. The role of nucleic acids are to store, express, and transmit genetic information. A nucleotide is an organic molecule having three components: one or more phosphate groups, a five carbon sugar, and a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. RNA. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone.
4. Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells both have DNA genetic material. They both are bounded by a membrane. They both have ribosomes. They both have vesicles and vacuoles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and microtubules, prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotic cells are those of animals and plants. Prokaryotic cells are those of bacteria and archaea. Humans have eukaryotic cells. 5. For a cell to have selective permeability means that it allows the passage of some ions and molecules. This passage is done by different forms of transports. Diffusion is a way that substances can move directly across a membrane. It occurs when a substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. In facilitated diffusion a transport protein provides a passageway for a substance to diffuse across a membrane. Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are examples of passive transport. Passive transport is the transport of a substance that does not require energy. Whereas active transport requires energy and moves a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration of a transport protein. The energy required for active transport is ATP. Osmosis is the process in which water diffuses across a membrane from a hypotonic area to a hypertonic area. 6. Energy is the ability to do work. Different types of energy include kinetic energy which is the energy of motion. Potential energy is the form of energy that has potential for energy to be used in the future. Thermal or heat energy is the energy that is uses heat. Chemical energy is the energy caused by chemical reactions. Thermodynamics is the study of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. The second law of thermodynamics stat that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. 7. …show more content…
Fermentation is the breakdown of organic molecules to produce energy without any net oxidation of an organic molecule. The pathways pf breaking down glucose to lactate or ethanol are examples of fermentation. Although electrons are removed from an organic molecule such as glucose to make pyruvate and NADH, the electrons are donated back to an organic molecule in the production of lactate or ethanol. Therefore, there is not removal of electrons from an organic molecule. Compared with oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation produces far less ATP for two reasons. First, glucose is not oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. Second, the NADH made during glycolysis cannot be used to make more ATP. Overall, the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen yields 34 to 38 ATP molecules. By comparison, the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to lactate or ethanol yields only 2 ATP molecules. 8. Photosynthesis is the process that plants convert sun energy into chemical energy producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. There are two parts of photosynthesis oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. During oxygenic photosynthesis light energy from the sun transfers electrons from water (H2O) to carbon dioxide (CO2), this produced carbohydrates. The equation for this form of photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 12H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O. This process is very important for the life on earth because it produces the oxygen humans need to breathe. This process of photosynthesis takes place in the