RNA splicing

Differential alternative splicing human tissue network analysis of GUK1 Result Figure 4.12: Visualisation of alternative splicing gene GUK1 in human tissues. Differential alternative splicing genes between two different tissues comparison were shown on a different visualisation platform and tools in comparison with network analysis. (A) rMATS analysis. Histogram shows inclusion level ψ, per sample for each tissue comparisons. In this case, only exon 3 found as statistically alternative splicing significance of skipped exon (SE) in both tissue comparisons; heart vs. liver and brain vs. liver. The inclusion level in the heart is 0.9 and 0.35 in the liver for tissue comparison heart vs. liver; while inclusion level in the brain is 0.83 and 0.28…

Things All RNA Epigenetics can do: Variegated structural, catalytic, regulatory activities, translation of genes to proteins Variegated RNAs to interact with other cellular machinery (DNA, Proteins, etc.) in specific ways Alteration of RNA structure which in turn, leads to alteration of protein bindings and cellular effects Affect gene expression by activating or silencing it Controls transition from pluripotency state to differentiation, which allows different types of cells to be made and…

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) within organisms can be methylated while proteins can be either methylated or acetylated. The methylation of DNA and RNA is used for alternative splicing used for production of different mRNA molecules resulting in numerous new proteins. One of the molecules believed to perform the methylation is N6A or N6 methyladenosine. Methylation is the most observed modification to mRNA molecules. Methylation of both DNA and RNA ensures…

plentiful. The polycistronic mRNA encodes for the enzymes of tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. Binds strongly to the operator, blocking access of RNA polymerase to the promoter and keeping the operon repressed.  Prokaryotic gene regulation: regulation of the lac operon, which control promotion and repression. Control of genetic is elucidated method of milk sugar known as lactose. Analytical catabolism in the human symbiote Escherichia coli. The lac operon includes three structural genes. (LacA,…

Possible Modifications of Central Dogma of molecular Biology Introduction The central dogma of molecular biology is describes the transfer of genetic information within a biological system and was first stated by Francis Crick in 1956. The central dogma is the flow of genetic information as ‘’DNA makes the RNA and RNA makes the protein.’’All biological cells with few exceptions in some follow this rule. This flow takes place through three fundamental processes: replication, transcription and…

The ribosome reads information along the mRNA and brings the amino acid together with help from transfer RNA. Transfer RNA has a cloverleaf shape with base-paired arms and an attached anticodon sequence. At the bottom of the tRNA there is an anticodon that pairs with a codon on mRNA. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides. Codons are read, in order, by tRNA, which aligns with the codon and attracts the corresponding amino acid. It continues this same cycle, connecting amino acids, to make a…

accomplishes is a vast collaborative effort between cells. When at work, neurons talk rapidly to one another, forming networks as they communicate. Researchers are developing technology that would make it possible to record brain activity as it plays out across these networks. December- Aging is a key risk factor for a variety of devastating, chronic diseases, yet the biological factors that influence when and how rapidly cells deteriorate over time remain largely unknown. Now, for the first…

examine the differentially expressed candidates in pancreatic ASC, I will isolate total RNA from UPF1 mutant cell lines and perform RNA sequencing. To establish whether the upregulated genes are direct targets of NMD, I will compare this data with RNA isolated from cells where UPF1 is downregulated using short hairpin RNAs. To validate the top targets from RNA sequencing experiments, I will perform qPCR and northern blotting. To examine whether these candidates are also altered in pancreatic…

Transcription is considered to be the first step of gene expression. It is known to be the process of making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). The process of eukaryotic transcription can be separated into three phases, initiation, elongation and termination. This complex process involves various cell signaling methods as well as the activity of many enzymes. Genes are segments of DNA nucleotides located on a chromosome…

Significance Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare but aggressive tumor, with higher metastatic potential and an even worse prognosis than pancreatic adenocarcinoma[1, 2]. A major hindrance towards development of therapies against pancreatic ASC is that the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain poorly characterized. In this proposal I will take advantage of the expertise on RNA biochemistry and molecular biology that I have acquired during my doctoral training and…