Messenger RNA

messenger rna the structure of messenger rna : Messenger RNA functions as the template for protein synthesis it carries genetic information from DNA to a ribosome and helps to assemble amino acids in their correct order. Each amino acid in a protein is specified by a set of three nucleotides in the mRNA, called a codon. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs contain three primaryregions .The 5 untranslated region is a sequence of nucleotides that is at the 5 end of the mRNA and does not code for the amino acid sequence of a protein. In bacterial mRNA, this region contains a consensus sequence called the Shine- Dalgarno sequence, which serves as the ribosome-binding site during translation. It is found approximately seven nucleotides upstream of…

It is well known that all organisms require at least some water to survive, even the most hardy creature on the planet earth, the tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini, which can survive near complete dehydration, exposure to extreme radiation, vacuum, temperature and pressure, must be rejuvenated with water if it is to resume life after near complete desiccation (Gabriel, et al. 2007). H. dujardini, famous for surviving some of the harshest conditions of any organism we know of, is a perfect example…

Figure 5: Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of CHOP splicing variants in plasmids and liver tissues, and CHOP exon arrangements. (A) CHOP1 mRNA contains four exons, whereas CHOP2 mRNA lacks the second exon of CHOP1. The 5 '-leader of CHOP is encoded within the first and second exons, while the coding sequence is encoded within the third and fourth exons of CHOP. (B) As expected, CHOP1 primers amplified CHOP1 transcripts at the size of 214 bp in the CHOP1 plasmid template containing the full…

passed from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA replicates and converts the information it carries into RNA, this process is called transcription. During transcription the information is passed through nucleic acids and there is no need for a change in the “language.” When RNA continues the flow of information and it is passed to proteins, this is called translation. It is called translation because the information must be translated, and this is done with…

the nucleotides have the appropriate complementary bases. DNA polymerase now attaches DNA nucleotides to one end of the growing strand of nucleotides. Now there are two DNA molecules, each has an original nucleotide strand beside the new strand. The two molecules are now identical to each other(McGraw-Hill). Transcription is the process in which DNA is converted to RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule. RNA is involved in protein synthesis, and it is sometimes even in the…

the process where genotypes coded in the genes are displayed by the phenotypes of the individuals. The DNA is then copied by the RNA and synthesized into protein. The process of transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, is where the instruction of the gene expression is most likely to occur. Prokaryote allows a continual synthesis of protein to occur. On the other hand, in…

Protien Synthesis DNA is our genetic material. Since DNA is stuck in the nucleus it has to get out somehow, but it can't, so what does it do then? The answer to that, is that DNA makes a copy of one of its helixs to get out of the nucleus. The process of DNA making a copy of itself is called transcription. The copy of the DNA is called mRNA and that is the messenger type of RNA. The DNA makes a copy of itself called mRNA, then gets out of the nucleus and leaves to attach itself onto a ribosome.…

In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA. Understanding Human Genetic Variation Genetics is the scientific study of inherited variation. Human genetics, then, is the scientific study of inherited human variation. We study genetic material due to following reasons; 1. One reason is simply an interest in better understanding…

Prokaryote DNA replication is a semi conservative, bidirectional, template driven process. The phrase ‘semi-conservative’ refers to the fact that the newly synthesised double stranded DNA is made up of one parental (existing) strand, and one newly synthesised strand. The parental duplex is not ‘conserved’ as an entity. This was proved by the Meselson-Stahl experiment by replicating E.Coli in different mediums of of different Nitrogen isotopes. The results consisted of half of normal weight and…

biological activities are carried out by proteins. In order to have the DNA sequence that reads ATG-ACT-CAT-GAG-TGA to be translated into the RNA to build a protein there has to be proteins that are not the same to be able to perform this function. The DNA also needs to be changed into the RNA and the RNA has to be changed into a protein. In order for the cell to have a proper function the proteins that are necessary need to at the time that is proper be synthesized. The first step we…