Metabolic network

sub-lethal effects of Cu on the embryonic/larval metabolic profiles were assessed separately due to the occurrence of high mortalities between 18 and 42 hrs exposure of embryos to 50.3 ugL-1 bioavailable Cu. To first investigate the underlying structure of the data, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed as an unsupervised classification method to identify inherent sample groupings. Euclidean distance and Ward’s criterion were selected as the measure of distance and aggregation, respectively. Heatmap analysis combined with HCA of all metabolite features identified in the embryonic samples was performed to provide a simple visual summary of the data, and cluster metabolites with similar expression profiles across the samples.…

Stress can be a reaction to a small situation such as running late for work or it can last a long time if you’re dealing with problems at work, the death of a family member or several of other situations. It can also be defined as a state of emotional strain that normally results from a demanding situations. Stress can become harmful when it starts to interfere with your everyday life. Crum, Alia, Salovey, and Shawn Achor Rethinking Stress (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology) Vol.104,…

NASH is characterized by an accumulation of fat (steatosis) along with the deterioration, inflammation, thickening and scarring of the liver which may, in time, lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer (Jansen, 2004). Insulin resistance syndrome is the only metabolic syndrome consistently associated with NASH as it has been proven to contribute to the build-up of free fatty acids in the liver due to an increased output of insulin from the pancreas (Das & Kar,…

In today’s world, we are constantly busy, whether attending school, going to work every day, or even taking a stroll at the park; we humans are constantly feeling the pressure of stress. However, not everyone experiences the same form of stress. There are many different types of stress such as: psychical stress, mental stress, emotional stress, and much more. Just as there are many forms of stress there are even many more causes of stress. These can result from pressures at work, economic or…

Because uric acid levels are associated with metabolic syndrome and Ralph has high cholesterol, blood pressure and glucose it is recommended that he lose some weight to help reduce some of his gout symptoms. Based on Ralph’s height and weight it is estimated that he consumes at total of 2,457 kcal/day. In order for Ralph to lose close to a pound a week it is recommended that he decrease his calorie intake to about 2,000 kcal/day, see Appendix B for detailed meal plan. Ralph’s meal plan will…

Ridgeland Mississippi is a thriving community, which is positioned between Jackson, Mississippi and Madison, Mississippi. According to City-Data of Ridgeland (n.d.), Ridgeland’s population in 2013 was 24,427 with 11,160 males and 13,267 females. The land area is 15.9 square miles with a population density of 1,535 people per square mile. Ridgeland’s median resident age is 36.3 years old, compared to Mississippi’s median age, which is 36.6. The estimated median household income for Ridgeland is…

Rate of Reaction for Enzyme Peroxidase When analyzing living organisms, it is merely impossible to overlook the role that metabolism plays. Metabolism, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in a living organisms cells. When referring to metabolism, one must also note that metabolism contains two distinct metabolic pathways, catabolic and anabolic. Catabolic pathways involve the process of breaking down molecules in order to obtain the energy needed by living organisms. Meanwhile,…

sugar (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p. 430; Kendall-Reed & Reed, 2004, p. 45). The second stage is the resistance phase or cortisol reaction where the body releases hormones, such as noradrenaline, to counteract or resist the stress (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p. 430; Kendall-Reed & Reed, 2004, p. 45). The third stage called the exhaustion stage causes “adrenal exhaustion, depleted energy reserves, and failing immunity” (Kendall-Reed & Reed, 2004, p. 45). The persistent stimulation of the alarm…

The government states there is nothing wrong with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.) then , what was wrong with me? Oh yes, how did I get on a healthier path when I eliminated it from my diet? I believe that high fructose corn syrup should be banned. I diagnosed with a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and was on the border of becoming a diabetic. That was two years ago. I went on a strict regimen of no high fructose. I do not mean just giving…

an insufficient diet. (van Uffelen et al., 2010) The list of serious sedentary health issues relevant to office employees due to the decrease in active work and the increase of sedentary activity are summarized in Table 2. Figure 1: Adult Activity Distribution during Waking Hours Figure 1. Distribution of adult activity during their waking hours. Adapted from “Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease ?” by N. Owen, A. Bauman, and W. Brown, 2009, British…