The chemicals in a cigarette impact blood cells. Because blood cells travel throughout the body, the toxicity travels as well. This eventually leads to damage to the heart and blood vessels. Smoking opens the possibilities to numerous additional diseases, but in terms of leading to an MI, atherosclerosis is most relevant. Atherosclerosis is defined as a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.4 Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs if plaque builds up in the coronary arteries. Over time, CHD can lead to chest pain, heart attack, or even death.5 Iversen et al,6 authors of “Active and passive smoking and the risk of myocardial infarction in 24,968 men and women during 11 year of follow-up: the Tromsø Study” conclude both active and passive smoking to be common risks for…
Discovered in 1913 by a man named Nikolai Anichkov, atherosclerosis is a disease where things like calcium and fat build up in the arteries and block blood flow. Arteries harden as a result of it, and it’ll cause problems transferring blood around the body. The plaque will form a barrier, and can cause serious problems in the body, like other diseases and disorders. The results are possibly deadly. There is a layer on the inside of every vein that keeps it smooth called endothelium. It allows…
ATHEROSCLEROSIS Cardiovascular disease is a condition with leads to heart attack, chest pain or stroke when the blood vessels are narrowed or blocked. When the heart’s muscle, valves or rhythm are affected then the condition is also considered as heart disease. Heart diseases are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which atheromatous plaque builds up on the inner surface of the arterial walls and size of the artery increases. In general the term…
Atherosclerosis is a condition that can be explained by integrating various concepts from Biology, Physics and Sociology.Biology allows us to understand the effects of this disease on the circulatory system. Physics incorporates Poiseuille’s law in order to explain the three key factors in blood circulation which are blood flow, resistance and the flow rate. Lifestyle and Culture are sociological factors that can influence how the disease takes a toll on an individual. Atherosclerosis is a…
Atherosclerosis is nowadays considered as a chronic inflammatory disease of artery walls. This disease originates as a local endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by enhanced permeability, inflammatory gene expression, as well as the modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) [1]. Atherosclerosis is commonly referred to as a "hardening" of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple atheromatous plaques within the arteries. The thickening of the atherosclerotic region causes…
What is Atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis is a heart disease caused by the blocking of arteries due to a build up of plaque or fatty deposits. • Arteries are vessels that carry oxygen rich blood to your body. • Plaque is made up mostly of cholesterol and calcium. • The plaque eventually hardens and narrows the arteries. • This can lead to a stroke or a heart attack, but it can be treated and prevented. What are the Causes? • The exact cause is unknown. • It is a very slow and complex…
There are numerous treatments available for those diagnosed with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Most widely known is the daily aspirin; it is recommended that all patients with documented CAD be treated with a daily aspirin (Boudi, 2015). Treatment of angina and prevention of acute cardiac symptoms includes various medications such as: nitrates, beta-blockers, statins, calcium channel blockers, and ranolazine, which inhibits the sodium current of the cardiac action potential…
Atherosclerosis is a disease where arteries thicken as cholesterol builds-up on their walls. A chronic inflammatory response in the arterial wall by the macrophage accumulation, promoted by low-density lipids.5 It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries that can lead to stroke and myocardial infarction. Macrophages tend to rupture plaques by releasing lytic???? enzymes that break plaques in the arteries. Biomarkers such as plasma lipid estimation and myeloperoxidase,…
Atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries, reducing blood flow to your organs (such as your heart) and other parts of your body. This can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even…
Atherosclerosis What is Atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis is thickening, or hardening of the arteries, which can lead to plaque build up. This build up causes the arteries to narrow and makes it harder for the blood to flow. Sometimes a clot will form and stop the flow completely, causing a stroke or heart attack. Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin. Atherosclerosis begins at a young age and progressively increases with age, it can…