DNA replication

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    Mitophagy Lab Report

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    Concentration In order to observe drug treatment longevity experiment in a certain time period, we need to find a proper concentration of drugs for 5 to 6 days’ longevity. There are two chemical drugs we would use for detection. Phenanthroline can highly induce mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Another drug, CPX (ciclopirox olamine) is relatively more targeted at tumor cells. The gradient concentrations of drugs were added into agar where worms live on. For Phenanthroline, we added gradient concentration range from 2mM to 0.031mM. While we added gradient concentration range from 3Mm to 0.125mM for drug CPX. After preparing worms, we picked 50 worms per plates with E.coli HT115 as food source, with three replications for each drug. I checked the number of living and dead worms once a day, calculated living fraction and drew the survival curve (Fig.1& Fig.2). We found that the proper phenanthroline concentration is 0.125mM, which allowed worms to live for about one week. However, CPX seemed degraded, therefore it did not work well. We only chose phenanthroline, which can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, for the following experiment. Fig.1 Survivcal curve under Phenanthroline gradient concentration treatment. All of worms died within 3 days of 2mM and 0.5mM Phenathroline, which are relatively high concentration for optimal longevity to observe. All of worms died about one week under 0.125mM phenanthroline concentration, which is a proper…

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    Prokaryote DNA replication is a semi conservative, bidirectional, template driven process. The phrase ‘semi-conservative’ refers to the fact that the newly synthesised double stranded DNA is made up of one parental (existing) strand, and one newly synthesised strand. The parental duplex is not ‘conserved’ as an entity. This was proved by the Meselson-Stahl experiment by replicating E.Coli in different mediums of of different Nitrogen isotopes. The results consisted of half of normal weight and…

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    Rna Comparison Chart

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    Comparison chart Replication Transcription Purpose The purpose of replication is to conserve the entire genome for next generation. The purpose of transcription is to make RNA copies of individual genes that the cell can use in the biochemistry. Definition DNA replication is the replication of a strand of DNA into two daughter strands, each daughter strand contains half of the original DNA double helix. Uses the genes as templates to produce several functional forms of RNA Products One strand…

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    conceive an American society like the one we are living in today. The discovery of the structure of DNA marks a significant landmark in medical history. This has open the doors to a new realm that deepen our understanding of biological systems and promises a future that once was an abstract idea in science fiction novels. A challenge that my generation is facing is answering whether genetic modifications are ethical. Despite the ongoing debates, it is remarkable that this type of science is…

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    the key milestones in our understanding of DNA replication in eukaryotes as they helped us figure out how the ends of linear chromosomes are replicated. There discovery of telomeres and telomerase did not only fil A DNA molecule is made up of two strands of polynucleotides which can be described as anti-parallel meaning one strand is moving from a 3’ to 5’ direction…

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    Rolling Circle Mitosis

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    In rolling circle replication, a nicking protein called relaxase identifies a specific sequence on the DNA and makes a “nick” or cut at that location. The nick is created by the protein and allows the DNA to unwind and continue the process. Once the DNA opens forming an open complex from there a lagging strand will develop along the 3’ template strand due to the polarity and orientation of the strands. A leading strand will emerge and DNA polymerase enlists nucleotides to pair with the exposed…

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    real life example of obedience. This does, however, differ from Milgram’s work as it doesn’t necessarily cause harm to the patient. Therefore, when Milgram’s original experiment lacked ecological validity due to it having an ethnocentric bias, this replication can be used to argue the results do in fact have ecological validity. Another way that Milgram’s experiments lacked ecological validity is due to the experiments artificial lab-based research, which can cause unnatural behaviors due to the…

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    A. Eukaryotic cells store their genetic information in chromosomes made of DNA. This DNA is copied during interphase of the cell cycle. Replication is semiconservative, meaning one strand of the replicated DNA would be from the original molecule and one would be new. The parental strands serve as templates for the new strands. Replication can begin when helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds responsible for holding the two complementary strands together, ultimately causing the molecule to…

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    The MMR System

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    stops and a severe distortions in the conformation of DNA at the mismatch site occurs. The clamp has numerous hydrophobic and charged residues, which is consistent with a role in dimerizing with the charged residues of the clamp of MSH6. In addition, it may work to stabilize the highly unfavorable state of DNA when a mismatch is recognized. The positively charged residues such as lysine and arginine can form ion pairs with the negatively charged phosphate groups on the DNA backbone. Furthermore,…

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    1. Francis Crick Crick discovered the relative distances of the repetitive elements in the DNA molecule, and the dimensions of the monoclinic unit cell which indicated that the molecule was in two matching parts, running in opposite directions. He also, in collaboration with Watson discovered the material that our genes are made of and put forward the model of the double helix DNA structure which included the measurements of the angels formed by different chemical bonds. Crick in collaboration…

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