DNA sequencing

Introduction: The discovery of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as genetic material by Oswald Theodore Avery in 1944 paved the way for modern technology in the life sciences. Scientists James D. Watson and Francis Crick determined that this genetic material was composed for four bases in 1953, which lead to the central dogma of molecular biology (Liu, et al., 2009). To better understand what this chemical code means, Alan Maxam and Walter Gilbert developed the Maxam-Gilbert manual DNA sequencing method in 1976. This method uses chemical reactions to break glycoside bonds within the double stranded DNA, to create a single stranded DNA with a radioactive label on the 5’ end. The labeled substrate is then cleaved to create known endpoints and these fragments are run on a polyacrylamide gel using electrophoresis. The gel would then use…

With DNA sequencing, you can send a sample of your DNA in to a lab to have it sequenced. Basically, this means that someone will thoroughly examine and look into your DNA. This can be beneficial for a few reasons; these are some of the top benefits of DNA sequencing. 1. Find Out More About Who You Are For some people, DNA sequencing is a good thing simply because it allows them to find out more about themselves. For example, your DNA can show things like your ethnicity. If you are a bit…

DNA sequencing (Sanger to NGS) Introduction: The DNA sequencing methods have quickly evaluated for the forty last years and their finding was joined by breakthroughs in the field of Molecular biology (1). The first efficient method to sequencing DNA was found by F.Sanger in 1977 (2). But the huge desire to sequencing genomes required faster methods and many improvements were made. Fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis and microarrays led to a new way for sequencing genes : the Next Generation…

DNA sequencing and information is useful in many fields of science and technology. DNA ideally can be used to identify specific organisms because most organisms don’t possess the same DNA.The use of DNA to try to identify specific organisms is called DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting involves creating a DNA fingerprint using gel electrophoresis, which is the process by which DNA is broken down into fragments and then sorted by positive electrodes (after negative electrodes repel them from…

We still need to find out who this person was all the down to the bottom of the gel in DNA. To begin finding out who this person is we need to use DNA out of their bones and finger print samples. Also we will go through a missing persons report, that has occurred in the past week and try to match them up. Another investigation strategy we will use is, electrophoresis to analyze the pattern of bands that are left behind. After we took samples of DNA out of the bones we used gel…

Abstract: Genetic sequencing has brought about many scientific advancements, but techniques and approaches to sequencing vary, as do the goals of the sequencing. After reviewing first, second, and third-generation sequencing types, it would seem that both Sanger and Illumina-type sequencing would be most applicable to the data needed for phylogenetic systematics depending on mostly on cost and scale of research. Illumina, along with other sequencers such as those offered by 454 and nanopore, are…

In 2005, new sequence technique, which known as next-generation or second generation sequencing, was emerged after three decades of Sanger sequencing dominance. The new technique, 454 pyrosequencing, has completely new mechanism compared with the previous one, where this technique depended on series of enzymatic steps that including four enzymes polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luciferase and apyrase under pyrosequencing mechanism. The name 454 pyrosequencing derived from pyrophosphate that realised…

With the advancements made in technology daily and new scientific studies and explorations, the science community is always on the brink of something big. And the next big thing might be designer babies. Deeper and more profound exploration into cells and genetics have allowed for the possibility of designer babies to emerge. Before creating designer babies was even an idea, scientists were first working towards sequencing the human genome. By sequencing the human genome, scientists will be able…

From these results, it cannot be determined if the recombinant plasmid was the desired one or not because no fragments appeared on the gel that allowed for identification of the fragments involved in the recombinant. The only lane that contained a band was lane B which contained the BamHI and HindIII digest of the pAMP plasmid. Due to the location of the single band, its molecular weight falls between 4000 and 5000 base pairs. Since the pAMP plasmid is known to be 4539 bps, it is likely that…

libraries and DNA microarrays. We also learnt how DNA analysis involves looking for the initiator sequence, promoter, enhancer, TATA box, CAT box and G-C rich region. We then headed to a library exhibition, as the Cambridge library as an institution was marking its 600th anniversary. They had an exhibition on heredity. A section of the exhibition was all about Darwin’s later works that was set up specially for us! Darwin did a lot of practical work during the latter stages of his career. He…