DNA sequencing

Department of Energy and National Institute of Health coordinated on the project of human genome sequencing. It was called Human Genome Project (HGP). Welcome Trust (UK) was the major partner of this project. Some of the other countries which joined in this project were Germany, France Japan, China . Human genome project was a huge project which required…

rights in the digital age?” Less than a year later Americans are thrust at another crossroad with privacy rights vs. modern scientific medicine and technology by American poet, fiction writer, and journalist Susan Scutti article The Government Owns Your DNA. What Are They Doing With It? Scutti’s Newsweek article is one of many articles published on genetic testing for newborns in the United States. Genetic testing for neonates dates back to the 1960s when President Kennedy signed…

Brumaire DNA, the genetic code of all organisms, can help in the analysis of the organisms evolutionary history. All organisms, alive and extinct, descended from one creature. As time went on mutations accumulated in the DNA sequence of the progeny. By sequencing the genetic code of an organism in relation to another, their evolutionary history can be placed onto a phylogenetic tree. In this experiment, DNA barcoding was used to to identify a species and place it onto a phylogenetic tree. DNA…

target strands except that the strand to serve as the pyrosequencing template is biotinylated. After denaturation, the biotinylated single-stranded PCR amplicon is isolated and allowed to hybrdizine with a sequencing primer. The hybridized primer and single stranded template are incubated with enzymes DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luceriferase and apyrase as well as adenosine 5’ phosphosulfate and luciferin. As nucleotides are incorporated, ATP sulfurylase converts PPi to ATP which drive the…

Flowers Photos of her two, young daughters and their painted handprint artwork decorate the office of Elena Flowers, PhD, RN. She is a mom, but she identifies as a researcher and professor too. “In April, I am volunteering at my daughter’s school for DNA Day to talk about my job,” Flowers said. “I appreciate that my job allows me the scheduling flexibility to do that.” While her job allows for flexibility, it can also cause her to work for several hours on a Friday night to keep up with her…

1994; Lahr and Foley 1994). Migration waves are influenced by landscape traversed and thus, natural inter continental passageways acting as corridors played a key-role in the evolutionary history of human population migration events. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism (mtDNA, Y chromosome markers (Cordaux et al., 2004), microsatellites (Belle and Barbujani 2007) and autosomal genes (Wang et al.,1998) are…

Recombinant DNA is genetically engineered DNA that is formed by splicing fragments of DNA. Organismal cloning is the artificial creation of a new organism that is genetically identical to its counterpart. DNA cloning is a recombinant DNA technique where cDNAs and fragments of genomic DNA are inserted into a cloning vector and maintained during growth of the host cells. Vector is an agent that transfers genetic material into a cell or organism. Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes that find…

system is not phylogenetically correct and eukaryote and prokaryote systems do not take into consideration new sequencing abilities (Kandler, Wheelis & Woese, 1990). These previous taxa are outdated because they do offer readily available, accurate or historical information. Whilst previously grouping eukaryotes and prokaryotes using cellular data, currently on a molecular level, sequencing gives us a…

from a traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach, based on broad population averages, to a more precise health care that is customized for each individual patient. The sequencing of the human genome has initiated a genomic era of personalized medicine. Knowledge of patients genomic, gained through high through-put next generation sequencing (NGS) is offering opportunities for biological insights and clinical diagnostics. Advances in this field have led to powerful new discoveries and treatments…

isolating a DNA fragment from each organism and producing duplicates of each gene, which are then coloured with fluorescent dyes in order to distinguish the nucleotide bases in the DNA. A DNA sequencer is then used in order to graph and print out the entire sequence of nucleotide base sequences from both organisms, which is then compared. The results prove that the more closely related species, the less differences in nucleotide base sequences. Mitochondrial DNA It is common for…