DNA replication

1. Using Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray pictures James and Francis redeveloped the Watson - Crick Model that shows that a DNA molecule forms a double-helix. Together they hypothesised that if the strands were separated lose floating nucleotides would attach to their complimentary nitrogenous bases forming a template, which is the process of DNA replication. Their findings were published in the scientific nature journal April 1953. Crick had made an important discovery to the understanding of protein…

Defining DNA Ligase IV Syndrome There are several enzymes that are essential in DNA replication and repair. Yet the human body can at times malfunction causing a disease related to the mutation of the enzyme. One such enzyme is ligase. As stated in the text, Genetic Essentials by Pierce, in ideal circumstances ligase is the “enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent 3’-OH and 5 -phosphate groups in a DNA molecule” (2013, p. A4). Yet if this does not occur,…

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory method that is used to form number of copies of a specific region of DNA interested in. The principle of the polymerase chain reaction is based on the natural replication process of DNA and complementary nucleic acid hybridization. The goal of the PCR is to produce required amount of the target DNA region that is be analyzed. PCR amplified DNA is sent for sequencing and visualized by gel electrophoresis. It also can be cloned into plasmids. PCR is…

the structure of that DNA that it's shaped like a twisted ladder and understood the way it replicates. b) Rosalind Franklin- She discovered the dimension of DNA strand and that the phosphate group was on the outside of the helical structure. c) James Watson- Together with Francis they discovered the structure of DNA and that he also discovered that hydrogen bonds were the correct length and were straight. 2. All of the three scientist were interested on working on the DNA and so the were all…

It includes the primer mediated enzymatic amplification of DNA. It uses the ability of DNA polymerase to manufacture new strand of DNA complementary to the offered template strand. DNA polymerase can add a nucleotide only onto a preexisting 3′-OH group to add the first nucleotide that is way Primer is required. Then DNA polymerase elongates its three ends by adding more nucleotides to generate an extended region of double-stranded DNA. Procedure All the PCR components are mixed and are taken…

1944. Mullis worked as a DNA chemist for 7 years, He also invented the polymerase chain reaction. Kary Mullis was born in Lenoir, North Carolina. Mullis is 71 years old, He’s also been married 3 times. He wrote a quote stating “Art is subject to arbitrary fashion”. Kary Mullis accomplishments were very overall. His invention of the polymerase chain reaction chain reaction helps specific segment of DNA results quickly and accurately. Methods obtaining a sequence of DNA in quantities…

Abstract DNA recombination is basically generation of the new DNA sequence in genome by exchange of DNA strands. Recombination generally but not necessarily occurs between similar DNA sequences and provides genetic variation, genome integrity [1]. There are four main ways being identified to produce recombinant DNA; homologous recombination in which physical exchange of DNA sequences occur between the homologous chromosomes, illegitimate recombination occurs between DNA sequences sharing low…

North Andaman Islands (NAI) are one of the major island groups of Andaman and Nicobar archipelagos (Fig.1), consisting tropical rainforest encompassing varied species richness and diversity coupled with high endemism (Prasad et al..). As per Champion and Seth [year] the predominant forest types of the study area are Andaman Evergreen (EG), Andaman Semi-evergreen (SEG), Andaman Moist deciduous (MD), Littoral and Mangrove forests. Major part of the island is covered with SEG which is scattered at…

sequencing method uses the dideoxynucleotide triphosphates (ddNTPs) as DNA chain terminators. For this method to work effectively, it requires the following: a DNA primer, a single –stranded DNA template, radioactively or fluorescently labelled nucleotides, a DNA polymerase, and modified nucleotides that play a role in terminating the DNA strand elongation. The DNA sample is divided into four separate sequencing reactions, containing the DNA polymerase and all four standard deoxynucleotides (…

Introduction Before researching about the possibility of using telomerase inhibitors to kill cancer cells, we first need to know what cancer is and what telomerase is. Cancer is the name used to describe the diseases in which cell have abnormal growth or cell divides is uncontrollable and it will affect other cells. These cancer can spread to other part of the body through the blood or lymph systems. Many people think that cancer is just a disease, in fact, cancer is not just a disease but it…