Protein biosynthesis

working with Eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4E under the guidance of Dr. Sarah Walker. EIF4E supports translation on the 5’ end 7-methylguanosine cap on pre-mRna, and therefore is considered a proto-oncogene and contributor to degenerate diseases. We hoped, and still hope to induce two silent mutations among Serine 15, using plasmids such as pCAS to clone and transfer the manipulated genes into DH4α bacterium and yeast. I started off just as any new student would, learning how to pipette small amounts and setup the PCR machine; all while the worry of making an error loped through my blood. However, with every provisional attempt came a decrease in anxiety coupled to an understanding of mechanisms behind translation from RNA to protein. I don’t believe there was a euphoric moment where I stopped and recognized how much I love, no adore research. Instead, research has turned into all I think about and the only endeavor I want to spend my time doing. The true wonder of “will X, Y, or Z work as planned?” Becomes addicting, and my level of appreciation for how much one can learn about gene expression grows with every moment spent in the lab. My peers now know not to ask me to socialize after classes, for I am always headed to Hochstetter 653 as fast as time allots itself. There is no doubt in my mind that The Walker Lab has become my absolute favorite place to be, with Dr. Walker herself being not only a professor, but a role model to my past, present, and…

As a result of eIF2α phosphorylation in stressed cells, the cells produce ATF4 proteins in an attempt to restore cellular homeostasis; alternatively, ATF4 protein promotes CHOP expression in prolonged stressed conditions. Consequent to increased eIF2α phosphorylation, accumulation of CHOP mRNA, encoding a proapoptotic transcription factor, induces an apoptotic pathway leading to cellular death for the purpose of protection of neighboring cells. CHOP mRNA is alternatively spliced at the second…

Ryan Schoen Mrs. Lily Gu Protein Project - function October 20, 2014 Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase has a couple known names, one of them being aminocyl tRNA. The major role of this protein is translation during protein synthesis. For a protein to be classified and placed into an amino acid group, its amino acid sequence must be properly translated. Transfer RNA helps translate the protein which helps with genetics. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are the enzymes that are responsible…

dopamine active transporter is a 12 integral membrane-spanning protein that moves the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synapse back into cytosol terminating therefore the signal of the neurotransmitter. The dopamine reuptake via DAT is the primary mechanism from which dopamine is cleared from synapses. Its function requires the binding and cotransport of two Na+ ions and one Cl− ion with the dopamine substrate. The driving force for DAT-mediated dopamine reuptake is the ion concentration…

simple compounds change or convert into other compounds or they join together to form macromolecules. Example: In this process gluneogenesis is responsible for the production of glucose from non carbohydrate originator. Actually biosynthesis is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which substrates are converted into complex compounds. 1. Biosynthesis of fatty acids: Synthesis of fatty acids take place in the crystal. The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are wrapped in a complex called fatty acid…

pore-forming membrane proteins (porins), such as the voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC [19]. Any larger molecules, especially proteins, have to be imported by special translocases. Because of its porosity, there is no membrane potential across the outer membrane. By contrast, the inner membrane is a tight diffusion barrier to all ions and molecules. These…

which is called PhoPR two-component system6. In order for Mtb to survive, it must synthesize its own biotin, an essential cofactor that is involved in the biosynthesis of some fatty acids (e.g. mycolic acid), from pimeloyl-CoA7. During infection, Mtb primarily resides in macrophages, which, normally,…

Project Summary Hypothesis Statement: The Atypical Protein Kinase C Zeta (PKMz) is the molecular mechanism underlying Long Term Potentiation (LTP) maintenance at the synaptic membrane. Furthermore, this process is regulated at the level of translation of a locally available pool of PKMz mRNA, and can be sustained in part by active PKMz itself, or inhibited via an activity-dependent translation block. Significance: If the effects of a true PKMz conditional knockout result in memory impairments…

How Ferritin was first isolated and how it is isolated now The protein ferritin is formed from two classes of subunits, H and L, in a ratio which vary in different cell types. The H-type are subunits associated with rapid uptake of iron and are predominantly from the red blood cells. Subunits that take up iron much slower are designated L-types. A third type subunit, M, is found in amphibians and is similar to the H subunit. The M-types are predominant in the liver. Once synthesized, ferritin…

higher eukaryotes. An increasing number of yeast strains are available for protein expression that are said to increase the yield of the protein, improves the affinity tagging of the proteins, reduces protein breakdown, allows the addition of non-native amino acids (Selenomethionine) into the protein and defines the composition of N-glycan in the protein produced. Following are the existing genera of yeast…