RNA splicing

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    Essay On Macromolecules

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    When we think “polymer”, we should not limit ourselves to its biological applications; polymers can do so much more. Polymers are the “recipe for life.” We find them everywhere we look. For example, turn to your friend. What is he or she made of? The answer is polymers. Polymers make up essential molecules in our bodies, such as proteins or nucleic acids. They may be microscopic, but their functions in our bodies are important. Background Information There is so much more to being…

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    The Double Helix Summary

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    The book I read for my Biology book report was, The Double Helix, A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA an autobiography written by James D. Watson. It was released in 1968 and was published by Atheneum Press (US), Weidenfeld & Nicolson (UK) and is 226 pages. As the title suggests, the book is Dr. Watson’s personal account of the groundbreaking discovery of the structure of DNA. Biologists already knew that genes were the material responsible for traits getting passed from…

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    Protein Chromatin

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    Introduction DNA makes up the genetic material for all organisms. However, not all organisms have distinct molecules working with DNA that come together to make up chromatin. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells, the cellular makeup of multicellular organisms. The structure of chromatin is composed of DNA and histones, together making up nucleosomes, and other non-histone proteins that bind to the DNA. The backbone of DNA is negatively charged and histones have a positive charge…

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    Function of potyvirus proteins The Potyviruses genome contains one open reading frame (ORF) which is translated as a large polyprotein (between 340k and 368k), that is cleaved into 10 functional proteins (Riechmann et al., 1992) such as: Protein P1, HC-Pro, P3 protein, CI, NIa , NIb, 6K1, 6K2, VPg. The potyviral P1 protein is a serine protease that cleaves at its own C-terminus (Verchot et al., 1991). This is the most divergent potyviral protein in size (30-63 kDa) and sequence except protease…

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    Prp Scrapie

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    A prion is a infectious protein agent and the specific name of prion in BSE is PrP scrapie(PrPSc). The normal protein that is being acted upon by the protein is called cellular prion protein(PrPc). Prions are a problem because they are an abnormal form of a normal protein that is misfolded without an immune response. The strings of amino acids are put together to make proteins inside cell. Then they are then pushed together and folded into a framework letting them function properly. These prion…

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    Rad8 Research Paper

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    Rad8 is a conserved protein, it was previously reported to be sensitive towards both UV and gamma irradiation during G1/S period in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Doe et al., 1993). It consists of three conserved domains, including E3 ubiquitin ligase motif, SNF2 helicase domain, and a family specific HIRAN domain. Rad8 is required for error-free post-replication repair by contributing to polyubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Up-regulation (12.52-fold) of Rad8 indicated…

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    Sickle Cell Anaemia

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    the DNA unwinds and unzips leaving the base pairs exposed. Helicase is used in this reaction- the enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases. Activated RNA nucleotides then bind with the complementary base pairs exposed where A binds with U, G binds with C- the enzyme which catalyses the reaction is RNA Polymerase. The final mRNA strand which is produced is complementary to the original DNA strand. The mRNA is free to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore and attach…

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    After reading chapter three I had a better understanding of DNA replication, what genes do, and also how humans are connected to other species, a better understanding on how we are all part of a “biological continuum”. In 1962 three men named James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins won of the most distinguished award which was the Noble prize. Although one more person also help discover DNA which she was not credited was Rosalind Franklen. DNA replication is the process one strand of…

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    1. a) The three parts of a nucleotide are phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and the deoxyribose sugar. b) Deoxyribose sugar is the sugar that is found in a nucleotide. c) The nitrogen-containing base is the nucleotide component that contains nitrogen. d) The four nitrogen bases shown in Model 1 are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. 2. a) I pointed at a single nucleotide on the ladder model of DNA, on the worksheet. The nucleotide included phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and…

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    INTRODUCTION Biological ageing, or senescence, is a complex process characterised by progressive functional deterioration and cognitive decline (1). Accumulation of age related changes make individuals more prone to death and disease (2). Understanding these changes is important to understand the complexity of the human lifespan. The Hallmarks of Aging (3), is an article which describes nine factors that contribute to the ageing process. Aggravation or alleviation of these could contribute to…

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