RNA world hypothesis

Soup Theory, RNA World, etc.). Life chemically first arose from inorganic matter due to the environment created by hydrothermal vents, the production of RNA, and clay hydrogels. Primarily, the environment created by hydrothermal vents could have led to…

Replication, first, came about because RNA was formed. This occurred because organic molecules on Earth were able to form ribonucleotides from the assistance of a clay catalyst. Eventually, these ribonucleotides formed RNA, which, through time, began to fold and replicate itself. As replication got faster, RNA's started to attract amino acids and hold them together. Bonds started forming, and proteins were able to be produced. As more years passed, a lipid membrane enclosed the structure to…

researchers discovered DNA relies on proteins for transcription and translation, but functional proteins cannot form without the information stored in DNA. The solution to the problem seemed to lie in RNA, the mediator between DNA and proteins. It has been discovered that RNA can catalyze many reactions, and RNA might catalyze its own replication. If RNA could self-replicate natural selection or some other mechanism could act to create a more complex RNA. If this were the case than RNA might…

The RNA worlds together with the DNA world are known to have numerous differences as well as similarities with the cell nature as well as the varied virus character demands pointing to the viruses coming first. To a degree, the theories that designate this phenomenon have contended on the dissimilar nature of viruses, as a crucial factor that illustrates the viruses coming first (Woese, 1987). In the biosphere of microbes, whereas viruses are regarded as minuscule in size, the Pithovirus is…

how a videogame has helped code for RNA. Diseases can be traced back to RNA molecule folds. RNA vaccines have a design problem because it is hard to tell what sequence is correct. NUPACK 08 was the most sophisticated computer system and it got the sequence wrong. However, Taipan was designed by a videogamer and it had the correct sequence. Therefore, Das designed a game called Foldit in which players solved puzzles of computers. A new game called EteRNA was developed in which players look…

Results Design of the RNAi vector The PMT gene family is well conserved among the Solanales. There are five genes in the PMT gene family (PMT1 to PMT5) which differ in the exon 1 sequence due to the insertion of a variable number of 33 nucleotide repeats. This makes the first exon as an ideal region for the design of gene specific RNAi trigger sequence (Fig 1A). Full-length sequences are available for four PMT genes (PMT1 to PMT4) whereas only the sequence of exon1 is known for PMT5 which…

for finding motif in genetic string. Introduction: DNA, RNA and Proteins, these are three types of very large molecules essential for every living organism, for their biological functioning. Each molecule, DNA, RNA and Protein, play a vital role in living organisms, without them no life could survive. Let’s understand functionality one by one: • DNA consists of encoded instructions which are necessary to maintain, assemble and reproduce. • Proteins play important role in movement,…

vaccination today. With the introduction to the world of nanotechnology in the 21st century, medicine and treatments have taken major leaps forward. Scientists have managed to theorize a new method in which to battle cancer with the help of nanomedicine. Instead of the separating 2 treatments, there is a theory in research that argues for the benefits combining them into a single nano-carrier which would support one another for effective treatment. What are these two methods? Gene delivery…

made up of smaller units called nucleotides. These nucleotides play a significant role in creating important structures found in our body such as deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly referred to as DNA, and ribonucleic acid or RNA. (Erster, Lecture 4 Chapter 5) Ribonucleic acid is then categorized into two types of RNA: mRNA and tRNA (there are other types but the ones mainly discussed in protein synthesis only involved these two). The DNA and RNA are partners that work together to make protein…

Fundamentals of Biochemistry in the Biotech Industry Maple Syrup Urine Disease: A Sweet Scented Killer Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a rare, potentially deadly disorder where the body cannot break down the three branched- chained amino acids (BCCA): leucine, isoleucine and valine. These amino acids are used to build proteins and when they are not being used they can be broken down and recycled in the cell. The complex that breaks these amino acids down is called BCKD (branched-chain…