RNA

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    Unit 18 - Genetics (Assignment 1) Task 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA for short) is genetic material that carry’s the majority of information for development growth and many other functions. DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell. DNA has a double helix structure and is formed by a series of bases these are Adenine , Cytosine , Guanine and Thymine. These bases have a basic pattern when forming DNA. Adenine will only join to Thymine when in DNA and Cytosine will only join to Guanine when in…

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    Endosymbiotic Theory

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    Many endosymbiotic theories have figured in opinion about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of Endosymbiotic theories have been presented in literature to explain the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria (Martin, Garg and Zimorski, 2015, p.1678). A Prokaryotic cell contains structural components such as: Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria contain a thick cell wall with many layers of peptidoglycan…

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    Chikungunya Prevention

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    In order to prevent a virus we must first learn its history; how it came about and where, we must then take into perspective how it is spread and then take preventative measures to ensure that the minimal amount of people are infected. A virus is simply defined as a non-living, infectious agent that must use a host cell in order to replicate. What makes these viruses so dangerous is that they’re numerous, and thus easy to spread and catch. This is not to say that every virus affects us, some…

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    Gene Editing Ethics

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    Recently, scientists in the UK have been given the green light to start research on editing the DNA of a human embryo. The ability to unzip defective genes and replace them with nondefective copies of genes has sparked a huge debate on the ethics of human gene editing. In this paper, I will briefly explore the procedure of gene modification using the editing tool CRISPIR/Cas 9, the exciting possibilities of successfully using this method, and debate several ethical concerns that have arisen due…

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    It is beyond a doubt that the founding fathers could ever conceive an American society like the one we are living in today. The discovery of the structure of DNA marks a significant landmark in medical history. This has open the doors to a new realm that deepen our understanding of biological systems and promises a future that once was an abstract idea in science fiction novels. A challenge that my generation is facing is answering whether genetic modifications are ethical. Despite the…

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    foreign material. When a never-before-seen virus attacks the cell, a spacer is created within the CRISPR system that stores the genetic material of said virus. If that virus or a similar one attacks again, the CRISPR DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA, where proteins are used to target sequences containing the offending material in order to destroy each genome affected by the virus and…

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    diversity among transposition elements and mainly classified into two groups according to their movement mechanisms. Class I is retro-transposons which use a RNA intermediate in transposition mechanism and Class II is DNA transposons remaining as DNA throughout transposition [4]. Retro transposons first transcribe themselves in RNA and then RNA is copied to DNA again by reverse transcriptase which is generally encoded by mobile elements. Copied DNA is inserted into target site. The main class of…

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    percent of cancers were due to random mistakes, 29 percent were due to environmental factors or people’s lifestyles, and 5 percent (5%) due to inherited mutations [2] The transcription of a gene begins with transcription elements, mostly protein and RNAs, binding to regulatory sites on DNA. The frequency of this binding affects the level of expression. Experiments have verified that a stronger binding site will increase the effect of a protein on transcription rate. On the other hand, since the…

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    First, I would like to say that the topic I chose is very interesting and in fact I really like this topic. Before choosing my topic I had rough idea about what CRISPR was and how it was being used in recent times to engineer everything around us by small steps. Before my research findings I had an idea what CRISPR was such as how it was being used around the world on modifying genes, and engineering new species by deleting or replacing the genes that were unwanted by that organism. What I knew…

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    Essay On Gene Silencing

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    GENE SILIENCING Gene silencing is something that most people do not know about. It is part of molecular biology which is things to with the natural body and life but to a minute size. Gene silencing was developed and still developing by the RNAi team at CSIRO in Australia which was led by a British-Australian virologist and geneticist named Peter Waterhouse. This team of a few also had significant contributions from Ming-Bo Wang who helped Peter Waterhouse develop this technique. This technique…

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